Hypertension Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

what is stage 1 of hypertension

A
  • clinic = 140-90 - 159/99
  • ambulatory = 135/85 - 149/94
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2
Q

what is stage 2 of hypertension

A
  • clinic = 160/100 - 180/120
  • ambulatory = >150/95
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3
Q

what is stage 3 of hypertension

A

> 180 /120

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4
Q

in stage 1 of hypertension which pt group do you give drug tx to

A

pt = <80yr with kidney disease, diabetes, CVD or 10% risk of CVD in 10yr

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5
Q

in stage 1 of hypertension which pt group do you give drug tx AND lifestyle advice to

A

in pt = <60 with <10% risk of CVD in 10yr

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6
Q

in stage 1 of hypertension when do you give drug tx to 80+yr

A

BP over 150/90

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7
Q

in stage 2 of hypertension who do you give drug tx to?

A

all pt

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8
Q

what is stage 3 of hypertension known as

A

hypotensive crisis = medical emergency

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9
Q

tx of hypertension pt < 55yr + pt with TY2D

A

1) ACEi/ARB
2) ACEi/ARB + CBB or TLD
3) ACEi/ARB + CCB + TLD
4) k+ < 4.5mmol/l = low dose spironolactone
k+ > 4.5mmol/l = a/bblocker

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10
Q

if pt has type 2 diabetes and afro-caribbean what is preferred ACEi or ARB

A

ARB

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11
Q

tx of hypertension > 55yr and pt = afro-caribbean origin

A

1) CCB
2) CBB + ACEi/ARB or TLD
3) ACEi/ARB + CCB + TLD
- k+ < 4.5mmol/l = low dose spironolactone
- k+ > 4.5mmol/l = a/bblocker

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12
Q

Examples of ACEi

A

ramipril
enalapril
lisinopril
perindopril

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13
Q

S/E of ACEi?

A

CHHARD
-C = cough
-H = hyperkalaemia
-H = hepatic failure
-A = angiodema
-R = renal failure
-D = dizziness + headaches

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14
Q

examples of ARB

A

Candesartan
irbersartan
losartan

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15
Q

S/E of ARB

A

HHRD
-H = hyperkalaemia
-H = hepatic failure
-R = renal failure
-D = dizziness + headaches

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16
Q

SAME interactions for ARB

ACEi interactions

A
  • high risk of renal failure = ARBs, K sparing diuretics, NSAIDs
  • high hypercalcaemia = heparin, ARBs, NSAIDs, k sparing diuretics, bblockers
  • high risk of vol depletion = diuretics
  • high plasma lvls of lithium
17
Q

which bblocker is given in gestational pregn

18
Q

less likely to cause bronchospasms - preferred in ASTHMA

which bblockers are cardio selective?

A

BArMAN
- bisoprolol
- atenolol
- metoprolol
- acebutolol
- nebivolol

19
Q

less likely to cross BBB less nightmares

which bblockers are water soluble

A

CANS
-celiprolol
-atenolol
-nadolol
-sotalol

20
Q

lowers cause of cold extremities

which bblockers are intrinsic sympathomimetic

A

PACO
-pindolol
-acebutolol
-celiporolol
-oxprenolol

21
Q

what are the s/e of bblocker

A
  • bradycardia or HF
  • blunt effects of hypoglycaemia
  • causes hypercalcemia
  • bronchospasm
22
Q

interactions of bblocker

A

-digoxin - heart block
- hypotensive drugs

23
Q

which CCB are dihydropyridine?

A

amlodipine, felodipine, lacidipine, lercanidipine, nifedipine

24
Q

which CCB are rate-limiting

A

diltiazem, verapamil

25
s/e of CCB
- **dizziness** - gingival hyperplasia - **enlarged gums** - vasodilatory effects (**flushing, headaches, ankle swelling**) higher in ***dihydropyridine*** - complete **atrioventricular block** - higher in ***RL CCB***
26
what are pregnant pt at risk of in hypetension
- high risk of developing ***pre-eclampsia*** in; **CKD, diabetes, autoimmune disease, hypotension** -take **aspirin** from **WK12 of pregn till birth**
27
tx of pregnancy hypertension with BP of <140/90
1) labetalol 2) nifedipine or methyldopa 3) aim for target of 135/85
28
# **aim for BP target 5 less than clinical for ambulatory** what are the target ranges of hypertension in <80yr?
-clinical = 140/90 -ambulatory = 135/85
29
# **aim for BP target 5 less than clinical for ambulatory** what are the target ranges of hypertension in >80yr ?
-clinical = 150/90 -ambulatory = 145/85
30
what are the target ranges of hypertension in renal disease?
clinical = 140/90
30
what are the target ranges of hypertension in pregnancy?
clinical = 135/85
31
what are the target ranges of hypertension in type 1 diabetes?
clinical = 135/85