Odema

Question 1

what is odema

Answer 1

water retention in system carrying pulmonary or perpheral odema

Question 2

examples of thiazide diuretics

Answer 2

Bendroflumethiazide
Indapamide

Question 3

MoA of thiazide diuretic

Answer 3

inhibit Na reabsorption at beginning of distal convoluted tubule

Question 4

duration of thiazide diuretic

Answer 4

last up to 24hr needs to be taken morning to avoid sleep disruption

Question 5

examples of loop diuretics

Answer 5

furosemide
bumetanide
torasemide

Question 6

MoA of loop diuretics

Answer 6

-inhibit reabsorption from ascending limb of loop of henle

Question 7

when is loop diuretic used

Answer 7

used pulmonary odema due to left ventricular failure

Question 8

duration of loop diuretic

Answer 8

lasts 6hr can be BD without interfering sleep

Question 9

examples of k+ sparing diuretics

Answer 9

• amiloride
• triamterene (blue urine)
• spironolactone + eplerenone

Question 10

MoA of amiloride + triamterene
(K+ sparing diuretics)

Answer 10

prevent Na rebasorption from distal tubule collecting duct

Question 11

MoA of aldosterone antagonists
(K+ sparing diuretics)

Answer 11

inhibit k secretion distal tubule collecting duct

Question 12

when should aldosterone antagonists be stopped

Answer 12

stop if pt = dehydration due to vomiting and or diarrhoea

Question 13

what should be avoided when pt = aldosterone antagonists

Answer 13

K+ supplements

Question 14

what is s/e of all diuretics

Answer 14

all induce hyponatraemia and hypomagnesaemia

Question 15

s/e of loop + thiazide diuretics

Answer 15

• hypokalaemia
• exacerbate diabetes
• loop = excaerbates gout
• hypotension

Question 16

s/e of K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 16

-hyperkalaemia
-change in libido
-breast pain or tenderness

Question 17

interactions of diuretics

Answer 17

• loop + thiazide = hypokalaemia inducing drugs
• K+ sparing = hyperkalaemia inducing drugs
• loop + aminoglycosides = nephrotoxicity + ototoxicity
• spironolactone/loop + lithium = lowers Li+ secretion