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Cardiology > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

marker vascular inflammation

A

CRP

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2
Q

difference in vascular remodelling between small and large arteries

A

small arteries undergo inward eutrophic remodelling leading to increased peripheral resistance

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3
Q

hypertrophic remodelling of large arteries result in

A

increase in vascular stiffness

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4
Q

inward eutrophic remodelling is mediated by

A

RAAS

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5
Q

hypertrophic remodelling is mediated by

A

sympathetic discharge

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6
Q

site of AT2 receptors

A

adrenal medulla,uterus,ovary

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7
Q

prohypertensive adipokines

A

leptin, angiotensinogen, resistin, retinol binding protein (RBP4), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), fatty acids, sex steroids, and growth factors

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8
Q

antihypertensive adipokine

A

adiponectin

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9
Q

In which condition elevated plasma and urine catecholamines mimic pheochromocytoma

A

OSA

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10
Q

Effect of sex hormones on BP

A

estrogen effects unclear
exogenous estrogen increases
testosterone increases BP

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11
Q

avereage BP rise caused by each cigarrette

A

7/4

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12
Q

protective factor in coffee

A

polyphenols

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13
Q

magnesium deficiency is common in

A

diabetics

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14
Q

nutrient supplementation helpful in hypertension

A

potassium-magnesium-citrate

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15
Q

Falsely positive aldosterone to renin ratios used for screening for primary aldosteronism.

A

luteal phase of menstrual cycle

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16
Q

SMOKING induced rise in BP is not attenuated by which anti hypertensive

A

non selective beta blockers

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17
Q

effect of sibutramine on BP

A

decreases central sympathetic outflow but increases peripheral sympathetic discharge

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18
Q

benefits of moderate sodium reduction

A 
Decreased incidence of
  osteoporosis
  cataract
  stomach cancer 
  stroke
  asthma
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19
Q

Sodium restriction enhances the antihypertensive efficacy of all drugs except

A

calcium channel blockers

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20
Q

Antihypertensive that affects exercise capacity

A

beta blockers

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21
Q

Sexual activity is equivalent to stage ________ of bruce protocol

Study These Flashcards
A

2 for men and 1 for women

22
Q

one portion of alcohol is equivalent to

Study These Flashcards
A

12g of ethanol

23
Q

recommended alcohol intake

Study These Flashcards
A

one portion for women

two portions for men

24
Q

antihypertensive effect of beetroot juice is because of

25
vegetable that can lower BP
garlic
26
sedative that can lower BP
melatonin 2.5mg at bedtime
27
Nutrient that can reduce BP
high folate intake
28
Long acting and short acting antihypertensives in each class
Metoprolol Vs atenolol(s) trandolopril Vs enlapril amlodipine Vs felodipine
29
vasodilating beta blocker
nebivolol
30
antihypertensives used if Cr>1.5
loops | metolazone
31
Which is better? | chlorthalidone or hydrochlorthiazide
chlorthalidone
32
Advantages of indapamide
no effect on lipid profile regression of LVH decreses microalbuminuria
33
Pts who respond better to thiazides
elders,probably because of renin hyporesponsiveness
34
antihypertensives that provide better protection against strokes
thiazides
35
The need for a diuretic is lessened with use of which antihypertensives
ARB ACEI CCB
36
Time required for full anti hypertensive effects of low dose thiazides
4 weeks
37
causes of resistance to diuretics
excessive Na intake renal insufficiency NSAID
38
repletion of diuretic induced hypokalemia..drug used and why?
Kcl replacement of intracellular K+ correction of alkalosis
39
role of pot citrate and bicarbonate in diuretic induced hypokalemia
osteoporosis | renal stones
40
Treatment of diuretic induced hyperuricemia
probenecid | losartan
41
Insulin resistance due to thiazides closely correlates with
hypokalemia
42
Why loops are given as 1-1-0
To act at time of salt intake | to avoid nocturia
43
Bumetanide is __________ times more potent than frusemide
40
44
How does torsemide differ from other diuretics
eliminated by liver
45
loop with longer duration of action
torsemide | 12 hrs
46
side effects of amiloride
Nausea Flatulence skin rash
47
why triamterene is contraindicated in pregnancy
It is a folic acid antagonist
48
adverse effect of triamterene
renal stones
49
use of aldosterone antagonists
``` adjunct to thiazides refractory HT anti arrythmogenic prevent proteinuria in DKD improve diastolic function ```
50
adverse effects of spironolactone
Hyperkalemia gynacomastia upper GI bleed

Cardiology (16 decks)

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