Hypertension (25.9.2013)

Question 1

Drug of choice for hypertensive emergency

Answer 1

sodium nitroprusside

Question 2

When does sodium nitroprusside therapy lead to cyanide toxicity

Answer 2

infusion for 48-72 hrs

renal insufficiency

Question 3

Features of thiocyanate toxicity

Answer 3

paresthesias,tinnitus,blurred vision,delirium or seizures

Question 4

Nitroglycerin should be avoided in pts with

Answer 4

Inferior wall MI

Question 5

DOC for hypertensive emergencies in pregnancies

Answer 5

Labetolol

Question 6

situations in which labetolol is beneficial

Answer 6

Conditions of adrenergic excess
Clonidine withdrawal
pheochromocytoma
Post coronary bypass grafting

Question 7

Half life of labetolol

Answer 7

5-8 hours

Question 8

role of parenteral esmolol in Hypertension

Answer 8

aortic dissection,used along with nitroprusside

Question 9

Parenteral agent used in postoperative hypertension

Answer 9

Nicardipine

Question 10

role of fenoldopam

Answer 10

High risk hypertensive surgical patients

Question 11

Drug used in hypertensive urgencies as oral loading

Answer 11

clonidine

Question 12

toxicity of nitroprusside in liver failure

Answer 12

cyanide toxicity

Question 13

Dosage of nitroglycerin

Answer 13

5-250ug/min

Question 14

Goal in hypertensive emergency

Answer 14

20-25% reduction of MAP or reduction in DBP to 100 or 110mm HG

Question 15

When should treatment of hypertension in pregnancy begin

Answer 15

when DBP is >100 mm Hg

Question 16

For whom does BP classification apply

Answer 16

adults overs 18 yrs of age,not on antihypertensives,not acutely ill

Question 17

acute withdrawal syndrome in hypertension is associated with use of which drugs

Answer 17

Centrally acting adrenergic agents particularly clonidine

betablockers

Question 18

secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia

Answer 18

hypothyroidism

nephrotic syndrome

Question 19

Indications for fasting cholesterol

Answer 19

total cholesterol > 200mg/dl or HDL < 40mg/dl

Question 20

When should screening for hypercholesterolemia begin

Answer 20

age more than 20yrs

Question 21

Low HDL cholesterol

Answer 21

Less than 40mg/dl

Question 22

primary target of therapy for pts with low HDL cholesterol

Answer 22

LDL cholesterol

Question 23

relation between estrogen and blood lipids

Answer 23

increases triglycerides and HDL

Question 24

The lipid lowering effect of statins appear within

Answer 24

1 week

Question 25

Role of omega 3 fatty acids in dyslipidemia

Answer 25

reduce triglycerides in combo with statins

Question 26

Most effective pharmacologic agents for raising HDL levels

Answer 26

niacin

Question 27

Effect of standing on blood pressure

Answer 27

fall in systolic pressure and rise in diastolic pressure

Question 28

Lying and standing BP should be obtained periodically in all hypertensives over the age of

Answer 28

50

Question 29

Anti hypertensive agent effective in slowing down cognitive impairment

Answer 29

CCB(sys-EURO trial)

Question 30

effect of menopause on BP

Answer 30

BP rises

Question 31

Effect of HRT on BP

Answer 31

Modest..It should not preclude its use in normotensive or hypertensive pts

Question 32

Contraceptive induced hypertension is equivalent to

Answer 32

progestogenic component

Question 33

BP in first trimester

Answer 33

falls

Question 34

fetal loss and acceleration of maternal renal disease occurs if creatinine is more than

Answer 34

1.4mg/dl

Question 35

SBP should be lowered to _________ mm Hg in aortic dissection

Answer 35

100

Question 36

Bladder volume above ___________ ml cause hypertension

Answer 36

300 ml

Question 37

agent of choice in management of hypertensive emergency in ischemia pts

Answer 37

nitroglycerin

Question 38

drug used to control intraoperative tachycardia

Answer 38

esmolol

Question 39

OSA should be suspected in hypertensive patient with BMI more than

Answer 39

27kg/m2

Question 40

Hypertensive choroidopathy is seen in

Answer 40

young hypertensives due to eclampsia or pheochromocytoma

Question 41

Findings of hypertensive choroidopathy

Answer 41

Elschnig spots

Siegrist streaks

Question 42

Eye and hypertension

Answer 42

retinopathy
choroidopathy
optic neuropathy

Question 43

quantitatively the largest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases

Answer 43

hypertension

Question 44

isolated systolic hypertension

Answer 44

SBP> 140 mm

DBP< 90 mm