Hypertension Flashcards
(31 cards)
Name the categories of abnormal blood pressure
Elevated, HTN stage 1, HTN stage 2, and Hypertensive crisis
What are the ranges for an ELEVATED blood pressure
Systolic 120- 129 Diastolic <80
What are the ranges for HTN stage 1
Systolic 130- 139 Diastolic 80-89
What are the ranges for HTN stage 2
Systolic >or= 140 Diastolic >or= 90
What are the ranges for a HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
Systolic >180 Diastolic >120
T or F: If a patient has a b/p of 135/96 they are in the HTN stage 2 category?
Ture. Always go by the elevated nubmer.. which in this case is 96
What are the two categories of HTN?
Primary and Secondary
T or F: HTN is known as the “ silent killer?”
True. HTN often presents without symptoms
T or F: If a patient has a b/p of 180/80 they are experiencing a hypertensive crisis?
True. Even though the Diastolic range is normal, 180 Systolic is classified as a hypertensive crisis
Describe primary HTN
Primary hypertension is seen in about 90% - 95% of adults. The cause CANNOT be determined, although factors can be: environmental (e.g. lifestyle) and genetic factors
Describe secondary HTN
Secondary hypertension is seen in about 5% - 10% of all adults with an identifiable underlying cause
T or F: A person with poor eating habits, lives a sedentary lifestyle, and genetically predisposed is at high risk for secondary HTN?
False. These are factors for primary HTN
Chronic kidney disease, Myocardial infarction, Cushing’s, Medication abuse, Obstructive sleep apnea, Preeclampsia, Polycystic kidney disease, hyper/ hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, and many more are all what?
common causes of secondary HTN
In older adults, what are some ways to manage HTN?
-Target BP: <130/80
- Start low and go slow with antihypertensive medications
- Increase SBP & DBP due to decreased arterial elasticity & kidney function
- Reduce the risk of recurrent stroke
- Decrease elasticity and the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in the major blood vessels
- Volume expansion associated with structural and functional changes in the kidney
- Changes in the strength of cardiac contraction
- Be aware of finances, drug interactions and inability to remember treatment plan among older adults, thus if appropriate consider a monotherapy (single antihypertensive medication) for blood pressure control
What should you as a Nurse monitor for in an older adult with HTN?
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Falls
- Reduced renal function
- Monotherapy is preferred for adherence
- Caregivers should be involved in medication management
- Regular BP monitoring and follow-ups are crucial
- Poor diet (high sodium, low potassium)
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Stress
- Sleep apnea
- Comorbidities (CKD, diabetes)
These are all?
Modifiable risk factors for HTN
Age, genetics, gender (higher in men initially, later equalizes), African American ethnicity.
These are all?
Non-Modifiable risk factors for HTN
What tool is used to measure and aid in diagnosing HTN?
sphygmomanometer( B/P cuff)
What laboratory tests can be drawn to further support the dx of HTN?
- Urinalysis for protein/microalbuminuria (kidney damage)
- Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP): Creatinine, BUN (renal function)
- Lipid profile: Triglycerides, LDL, HDL
- Fasting blood glucose (diabetes screening)
What imaging & cardiac machines can be used to further support the dx of HTN?
- 12-lead ECG (heart rhythm abnormalities)
- Echocardiography (left ventricular hypertrophy)
- Examination for carotid bruits, renal artery bruit, or apical impulse displacement.
T or F: A B/P only needs to be measured once to dx HTN?
False: Blood pressure should be measured as an average of at least two readings. (If two readings differ by more than 5 mm Hg, take additional readings.)
Define the DASH diet
High in vegetables, fruits, whole grains; low in sodium (<2000 mg/day).
How much physical activity should is considered a lifestyle mod for HTN?
At least 150 min/week of moderate exercise
T or F: Smoking has little to no cardiovascular risk?
False, however Smoking cessation will aid in reducing this risk
