Pain Management

Question 1

T or F: PAIN is a personal experience influenced by biologic, psychological, and social factors

Answer 1

True.
The perception of pain is influenced by various factors, including psychological and emotional components, individual experiences, and cultural backgrounds. This complexity explains why pain can vary significantly from person to person and why it requires a comprehensive approach for effective management.

Question 2

Describe the physiology of pain

Answer 2

Pain transmission involves both physical and emotional components.
Small- and large-diameter nerve fibers conduct and inhibit pain signals to the brain.
Gating mechanism controls which pain impulses reach the brain.

Question 3

Transduction, Transmission, Perception, and Modulation are all…

Answer 3

Stages of pain

Question 4

Explain the stages of pain

Answer 4

1. Transduction – Activation of pain receptors.
2. Transmission – Pain signals travel via A-delta and C-delta fibers to the brain.
3. Perception – Awareness and interpretation of pain characteristics.
4. Modulation – Body inhibits or modifies pain signals.

Question 5

Explain pain according to duration

Answer 5

The duration of pain is the amount of time experiencing pain: acutely, chronically or subacutely

Question 6

Explain pain according to location

Answer 6

the location of pain can be:
Localized
Somatic
Visceral
Cutaneous
Referred

Question 7

Explain pain according to etiology

Answer 7

Nociceptive
Neuropathic
Nociplastic
Intractable
Phantom

Question 8

What are the types of pain

Answer 8

Acute, chronic, and subacute

Question 9

What is acute pain

Answer 9

Lasts for a short duration, typically less than three to six months. It often has a clear cause, such as injury or surgery, and tends to resolve as healing occurs.

Question 10

What is chronic pain

Answer 10

Persists for longer than three to six months and may continue even after the underlying cause has been treated. It can result from conditions like arthritis, fibromyalgia, or neuropathy

Question 11

What is subacute

Answer 11

Falls between acute and chronic pain, lasting longer than acute pain but shorter than chronic pain, usually around one to three months.

Question 12

What is nociceptive pain

Answer 12

tissue injury or damage

Question 13

What is neuropathic pain

Answer 13

nerve damage or dysfunction

Question 14

What is somatic pain

Answer 14

Originates from skin, muscles, or bones

Question 15

What is visceral pain

Answer 15

Comes from internal organs

Question 16

What is intractable pain

Answer 16

Severe, constant pain that does not respond well to typical treatments

Question 17

What is phantom pain

Answer 17

Pain felt in a limb that has been amputated

Question 18

Biological, psychological, social, cultural/ ethnic, and contextual are all..

Answer 18

factors affecting the pain experience

Question 19

What are Biological factors affecting pain

Answer 19

Genetics, developmental factors, medical conditions

Question 20

What are psychological factors psychological affecting pain

Answer 20

Personality, mental health, past experiences

Question 21

What are social factors affecting pain

Answer 21

Relationships, culture, environment, coping strategies

Question 22

What are cultural/ ethnical factors affecting pain

Answer 22

Beliefs, traditions, and societal norms influence pain expression

Question 23

What are contextual factors affecting pain

Answer 23

coping mechanisms and perception of suffering

Question 24

pain from a 0-10 is a

Answer 24

pain scale

Question 25

What pain factors may affect the pain experience in older adults

Answer 25

Health conditions, medication effects, denial, age, body changes, mental health, social isolation, communication and nerve sensitivity.

Question 26

Why are health conditions important for pain in older adults

Answer 26

Health Conditions: Many older adults have chronic conditions like arthritis, diabetes, or heart disease, which can cause ongoing pain.

Question 27

Why are body changes important for pain in older adults

Answer 27

Changes in the Body: As we age, our bodies can become less resilient. Joints may wear down, and muscles might weaken, making pain more common.

Question 28

Why is nerve sensitivity important for pain in older adults

Answer 28

Nerve Sensitivity: Aging can affect how our nerves work. Some older adults may feel pain more intensely due to changes in the nervous system.

Question 29

Why are medication effects important for pain in older adults

Answer 29

Medication Effects: Older adults often take multiple medications, which can sometimes cause side effects that contribute to pain or discomfort.

Question 30

Why is mental health important for pain in older adults

Answer 30

Mental Health: Issues like depression or anxiety, which can be more common in older age, can make pain feel worse and harder to manage.

Question 31

Why is social isolation important for pain in older adults

Answer 31

Social Isolation: Many older adults may experience loneliness, which can heighten their perception of pain. Support from friends and family can help.

Question 32

Why is communication important for pain in older adults

Answer 32

Communication: Some older adults might find it hard to express their pain, whether due to cognitive issues or fear of burdening others, leading to untreated pain.

Question 33

Why is age important for pain in older adults

Answer 33

Adults older than age 65 years experience pain more frequently than do younger adults. Up to 50% of older adults who live in the community and at least half of those who live in long-term care facilities report pain on a daily basis

Question 34

Why is denial important for pain in older adults

Answer 34

Denial prevents elderly adults from getting the care they need, which can accelerate their decline, severely reduce their well-being, and put them at serious risk of illness and injury.

Question 35

What would a care plan for a patient with acute and chronic pain consist of

Answer 35

goals, interventions, and evaluations

Question 36

What GOALS would you set in place for a patient with acute and chronic pain

Answer 36

* Relieve acute pain to allow for mobility and daily activities. * Manage chronic pain effectively to improve overall quality of life.

Question 37

What INTERVENTIONS would you set in place for a patient with acute and chronic pain using a PAIN ASSESSMENT

Answer 37

Pain Assessment: ● Frequency: Every 2 hours or as needed. ● Method: Use a pain scale (0-10) to assess pain levels and document findings.

Question 38

What INTERVENTIONS would you set in place for a patient with acute and chronic pain using MEDICATION MANAGMENT

Answer 38

Medication Management: ● Acute Pain: Administer prescribed analgesics (e.g., NSAIDs, opioids) as needed. ● Chronic Pain: Schedule regular doses of long-term pain management medications (e.g., antidepressants, anti-inflammatories). ● Education: Teach the patient about medication use and side effects.

Question 39

What INTERVENTIONS would you set in place for a patient with acute and chronic pain using a NON-PHARMALOGICAL management

Answer 39

Non-Pharmacological Interventions: Heat/Cold Therapy- Apply heat or cold packs as appropriate (e.g., ice for acute pain, heat for chronic pain). Relaxation Techniques: Introduce deep breathing exercises or mindfulness to help manage pain perception. Physical Activity Encourage light activities or stretching for both acute and chronic pain (as tolerated). Physical Therapy: Refer to a physical therapist for a tailored exercise program to improve function and reduce pain. Diet and Hydration - Provide a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains).Encourage adequate fluid intake to support overall health. Follow-Up - Schedule follow-up appointments to reassess pain levels and adjust the care plan as needed.

Question 40

What EVALUATIONS would you focus on for a patient with acute and chronic pain

Answer 40

● Pain Level: Aim for a reduction in acute pain by 2 points on the pain scale within 24 hours and improved chronic pain management by regular assessments. ● Functionality: Monitor the patient’s ability to engage in daily activities with reduced pain interference.