Hypertension

Question 1

2 tpyes of hypertension

Answer 1

Primary
secondary

Question 2

what is primary hypertension

Answer 2

“essential hypertension”
known as silent disease because there is no diffinitive cuase, could be genetics

Question 3

Secondary hypotension

Answer 3

caused by other medical diseases
ex: kidney disease, hypothyroidism, sleep apnea

Question 4

normal BP range

Answer 4

120/80

Question 5

Prehypertension range

Answer 5

systolic: >120-129
diastolic: <80

Question 6

hypertension stage 1 range

Answer 6

systolic: >130-139
diastolic: >80-89

Question 7

Hypertension 2 range

Answer 7

systolic: >140
diastolic: >90

Question 8

Hypetension Crisis range

Answer 8

systolic: >180
diastolic: >120

Question 9

what type of therapy is tried before drug therapy

Answer 9

Lifestyle changes for 3-6 months ex: diet, exercise, stop smoking

Question 10

consequences of not managing hypertension

Answer 10

damage to the brain, eyes, heart, and kidneys

Question 11

what does ACE stand for

Answer 11

Angiotension-converting enzyme

Question 12

what does ARB’s stand for

Answer 12

Angiotention receptor blocker

Question 13

ACE inhibitors generic endings

Answer 13

“Pril”

Question 14

MOA of ACE inhibitors

Answer 14

blocks conversion of A1 to A2, lowering aldosterone/ADH
vasodilation

Question 15

SE/AE of ACE inhibitors

Answer 15

SE: hypotension, hyperkalemia, persistant dry cough
AE: yellow eyes

Question 16

Nursing consideration for ACE inhibitors

Answer 16

avoid salt alternatives

Question 17

Catopril relation to diabetes

Answer 17

slow down renal insufficiency

Question 18

assesments for ACE

Answer 18

BP, K+, I&O, allergic reactions, and infections

Question 19

MOA for ARB’s

Answer 19

blocks binding of A2 receptors causing vasodilation

Question 20

SE/AE of ARB’s

Answer 20

SE: hypotension, hyperlakemia, HA
AE: angioedema

Question 21

nursing consideration in ace inhibitors

Answer 21

caution in renal/liver impairment

Question 22

ARB’s generic endings

Answer 22

“sartin”

Question 23

MOA of beta blocker

Answer 23

block epinephperine on cardiac system
selective/nonselective
lowers HR/contractility/BP

Question 24

SE/AE of beta blockers

Answer 24

SE: hypotension, insomnia, fatigue
AE: chest pain, seizures

Question 25

nursing considerations for beta blockers

Answer 25

hidden hypo/hyperglycemia

Question 26

generic endings for beta blocker

Answer 26

"olol"

Question 27

monitor in Beta blockers

Answer 27

BP, HR, daily weight, Blood sugar, SOB, edema, orthostatic hypotension

Question 28

why should you not abruptly stop taking beta blockers

Answer 28

can cause heart attack

Question 29

MOA Alpha blockers

Answer 29

block alpha 1 receptor, causes vasodilation

Question 30

generic endings for alpha blockers

Answer 30

"zosin"

Question 31

SE/AE alpha blockers

Answer 31

SE: hypotension, fatigue, Ha AE: arrythmias, chest pain, dyspnea

Question 32

what should you avoid taking alpha blockers with

Answer 32

phosphodiesterase ED med (they both vasodilate)

Question 33

generic endings for alpha-beta combo

Answer 33

"ilol" and "alol"

Question 34

central acting adrenergic agonist moa

Answer 34

targets receptors in CNS to cause vasodilation

Question 35

SE/AE of central acting adrenergic agonist

Answer 35

SE: dry mouth, nasal congestion AE: bradycardia, cns system depression

Question 36

example of central acting adrenergic agonist med

Answer 36

Clonidine (Catapress) -patch methyldopa

Question 37

calcium causes the arteries to

Answer 37

vasoconstrict

Question 38

calcium causes the heart to

Answer 38

contract SA/AV node, raising BP

Question 39

MOA of calcium channel blocker

Answer 39

blocks Ca+ from entering the heart and arteries, vasodilates, lowering BP and work load of the heart

Question 40

generic endings for ca+ channel blockers

Answer 40

"dipine"

Question 41

SE/AE of calcium channel blockers

Answer 41

SE: lower peripheral edema Ae: CHF, constipation

Question 42

monitor for in calium channel blockers

Answer 42

I&O, edema, breath sounds, SJS, grape juice increases absorbtion

Question 43

Calcium channel blocer that works only on the arteris

Answer 43

Dihydropyridine

Question 44

examples of dihydropyridine

Answer 44

amlodipine(Norvase) nifedipine(Procardia) felodipine(Plendil)

Question 45

Calcium channel blocer that works on the heart/arties

Answer 45

Non-dihydroprydine (monitor heart failure)

Question 46

Types of Non-dihydropyridine

Answer 46

verapamil(Verelan) diltiazem(Cardizem)

Question 47

why are direct vasodilaters dangerous?

Answer 47

it dilates everything, used as last resort

Question 48

MOA of direct vasodilators

Answer 48

works directly on peripheral arteries causing them to dilate

Question 49

SE/AE

Answer 49

SE: hypotension, hypernatremia AE: SJS w/minoxidil, tachycardia

Question 50

monitor in direct vasodilators

Answer 50

BP, I&O, fall risk, dose 3-4xday, call provider if missed missed 2 consecetive doses

Question 51

ex of direct vasodilators

Answer 51

hydralazine (Apresoline) minixodil (Loniten)

Question 52

nitrates/vasodialtors

Answer 52

acute angina pectoris-impending MI chronic stable angina pectoris

Question 53

MOA acute angina pectoris-impending MI & chronic stable angina pectoris

Answer 53

vasodilate by relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessel walls

Question 54

SE/AE of acute angina pectoris-impending MI & chronic stable angina pectoris

Answer 54

SE: weakness, dizziness, flushing AE: orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia

Question 55

Nurisng consideration for actue angina pectoris-impending MI & chronic stable angina pectoris

Answer 55

do not take with ed meds take multiple doses

Question 56

example of acute angina pectoris-impending MI med

Answer 56

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

Question 57

how is nitroglycerin taken

Answer 57

sublingual 5 minutes apart and only 3 doses 3rd at the ED

Question 58

ex of chronic stable angina pectoris med

Answer 58

isosorbide mononitrate (Imadure) isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)

Question 59

brand name for nitroglycerin patch

Answer 59

NitroDur

Question 60

what is NitroDur used for and how is it applied

Answer 60

transdermal patch used to prevent angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease, 12hr on 12hr off