hypertension Flashcards
(26 cards)
myriad mechanisms
SNS, salt intake and excretion, RAAS, natriuretic peptides
pharmacologic
drug treatment
nonpharmacologic
lifestyle modification
diuretics work of action
inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney causing increased excretion
diuretics side effects
CV hypotension and CNS dizziness and headaches
diuretics monitoring
electrolyte disturbances (Na, K), used with causion in pre-diabetes
beta blockers work of action
antagonism of B1 receptor result in reduction of myocardial contractiliy and heart rate
beta blockers side effects
due to antagonism of B2 receptor, e.g. bronchoconstriction
beta blockers monitoring
patients with asthma or diabetes, short half life might need more than once daily dosing
selective B1 blocker
atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol
non-selective beta blocker
propranolol
hydrochlorothiazide
important thiazide diuretic
calcium channel blockers work of action
inhibit Ca2+ influx in vascular/cardiac cells causing relaxation
calcium channel blockers side effects
headache, flushing, dizziness, ankle oedema
calcium channel blockers agents
verapamil, diltiazem and dihydropyridines
ACE inhibitors work of action
work on RAAS system in the kidneys, inhibits biosynthesis of angiotensin 2
ACE inhibitors side effects
hyperkalaemia, cough, sudden hypotension, angioedema, contraindicated in pregnancy
ACE inhibitors monitoring
renal function because contraindicated in low renal function. Renoprotective so used with diabetic patients
ACE inhibitors agents
benazepril, captopril, etc. drugs ending in -pril
ARBs work of action
AT1 receptor blocker, relax smooth muscle causing vasodilation, increase salt and water excretion
ARBs side effects
same as ACE except cough, cannot be combined with ACE
ARBs monitoring
renoprotective in diabetes type 2, so preferred in these patients
ARBs agents
losartan, candesartan, etc. ending in -sartan. most can be given once a day
meta-analysis
combining data from multiple studies
