infectious diseases

Question 1

gram positive bacteria

Answer 1

thick wall layer of peptidoglycan, more susceptible to antibiotics

Question 2

gram negative bacteria

Answer 2

thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, making it more resistant to antibiotics

Question 3

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer 3

penicillins, cephalosporins

Question 4

DNA gyrase

Answer 4

quinolones

Question 5

protein inhibitor 50s

Answer 5

macrolides, chloramphenicol

Question 6

protein inhibitor 30s

Answer 6

tetracyclines, streptomycin

Question 7

folic acid metabolism

Answer 7

trimethoprim

Question 8

bacteriostatic

Answer 8

stops bacterial growth, only usable with active immune system, macrolides and tetracyclines

Question 9

bactericidal

Answer 9

kills the bacteria, penicillins and quinolones

Question 10

broad spectrum

Answer 10

effective against large group of different bacteria

Question 11

narrow spectrum

Answer 11

effective against small/specific group of bacteria

Question 12

side effects GI

Answer 12

diarrhoea, nausea, irritation of oesaphagus

Question 13

side effects skin

Answer 13

rash, itchiness, red spots, urticaria, sensitivity to light

Question 14

beta-lactam antibiotics

Answer 14

penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

Question 15

clavulanic acid

Answer 15

protects penicillin from beta-lactamase

Question 16

vertical evolution

Answer 16

spontaneous mutation

Question 17

horizontal evolution

Answer 17

bacterial transformation, transduction and then conjugation