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Flashcards in hypertension Deck (16)
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1
Q

arbitrary cut off for hypertension ?

A

140/90

2
Q

how many stages of hypertension are there?

A

5

3
Q

stages?

A
Stage1
≥ 140/90
Stage 2
≥ 160/100
Stage 3
≥180 sys or ≥ 110 dias. 
Isolated systolic
≥ 160 systolic 
Hypertensive crisis 
≥ 200/120 + papilloedema.
4
Q

when there is no defined cause for the hypertension, what is this called?

A

primary hypertension

5
Q

when there is a defined cause

A

2y

6
Q

when should you consider a secondary cause of hypertension ?

A

if under 40
treatment resistant
positive findings on urinalysis

7
Q

investigations for diagnosis?

A

clinic blood pressure

APBM is required for diagnosis

8
Q

what would you do in terms of assessment ?

A

fbc, us and es, glucose, cholesterol and TFT
fundocropy
urine dipstick

9
Q

what might an ECG show in hypertension ?

A

LVH

10
Q

how would you asses their cardiovascular risk?

A

using a scoring system like QRISK

11
Q

when should pharmacological treatment be started in stage 1?

A
diabetes
renal disease 
end organ damage 
established CV disease 
10 year cardiovascular risk is over 20 percent
12
Q

why are ace inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

they can cause damage to the babys kidneys

13
Q

hypertensive emergency when BP is over?

A

200/120 with evidence of end organ damage

14
Q

causes of hypertensive emergency?

A
thyroid storm 
phaeochromocytoma 
glomerulonephritis 
eclampsia 
pre eclampsia 
head injury 
drugs
15
Q

management of hypertensive emergency?

A

labetalol if no LV failure

furosemide and hydrazine if LV failure

16
Q

what is the aim of treating hypertensive emergency ?

A

not to suddenly drop it but drop it over 24 hours