Hypertension

Question 1

What is hypertension?

Answer 1

BP >140/90 mmHG

Question 2

Causes of hypertension? (5)

Answer 2

"Essential"- idiopathic 
Secondary:
-Renovascular disease, 
-Conn's syndrome, 
-Cushing's disease,
-Phaeochromocytoma

Question 3

Risk factors for hypertension? (3)

Answer 3

Smoking,
Alcohol,
Obesity,
Stress

Question 4

Investigations for hypertension? (5)

Answer 4

BP monitoring, 
Ambulatory BP monitoring, 
Urine dipstick, 
ECG,
Bloods

Question 5

Stage 1 hypertension clinic BP and ABPM BP?

Answer 5

BP- 140/90mmHg

ABMP- 135/95mmHg

Question 6

Stage 2 hypertension clinic BP and ABPM BP?

Answer 6

BP- 160/100mmHg

ABMP- 150/95mmHg

Question 7

Stage 3 hypertension clinic BP and ABPM BP?

Answer 7

BP systolic >180

diatonic >110

Question 8

First line treatment for hypertension? (h: depends on age and ethnicity)

Answer 8

<55 years old:
-ACEi or ARBi

> 55years old/ Black patients of African/ Caribbean descent:
-CCB

Question 9

Second line treatment for hypertension? (h: depends on age and ethnicity)

Answer 9

<55 years old:

• ACEi or ARBi +
• CCB

> 55years old/ Black patients of African/ Caribbean descent:

• CCB +
• Diuretic

Question 10

Third line treatment for hypertension?

Answer 10

ACEi or ARB +
CCB +
Diuretic

Question 11

Fourth line treatment for hypertension?

Answer 11

Refer

Question 12

Examples of ACEi?

Answer 12

Ramipril,

Lisinopril

Question 13

Examples of ARBi?

Answer 13

Losartan

Question 14

Examples of CCB?

Answer 14

Amlodipine,

Felodipine

Question 15

Examples of Thiazide type diuretic?

Answer 15

Indapamide

Question 16

Add on therapy for Step 4 treatment hypertension?

Answer 16

Spironolactone (SE- hyperkalaemia),
a blocker,
B blocker

Question 17

Complications of hypertension?

Answer 17

MI, 
Heart failure, 
Renal impairment, 
Stroke, 
Hypertensive retinopathy