Hypertension and hyperlipidemia Flashcards
(97 cards)
What type of drug ends in -pril, lisinopril, and can be considered cardio and renoprotective?
ACE inhibitors
What do you need when putting a patient on ACE inhibitors?
baseline Cr and K+ levels and repeat 1-2 weeks after initiation
do NOT in pregnancy
What type of drug ends in -sartan that you can prescribe if someone cannot tolerate beta blockers or ACE-I but you CANNOT give with ACE-I and cannot be given in pregnancy?
ARBs - angiotensin II blockers
What type of drug has two types (dihydropyridine like –dipine + nondihydropyridine) with nondihydropyridine that affects cardiac contractility/conduction like diltiazem or verapamil?
calcium channel blocker
What is the only calcium channel blocker that is safe for CHF?
amlodipine
What is the first line diuretic for uncomplicated HTN?
thiazides like hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone
What are side effects of thiazides?
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia
What are the type of diuretics like furosemide, bumetanide that cannot be used in a sulfa allergy and are the strongest diuretics?
loop diuretics
What are some side effects of loop diuretics?
hypokalemia, volume depletion, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
What are the weakest diuretics that can cause hyperkalemia?
potassium sparing diuretics
What are the drugs that end in -olol that treat HTN?
beta blockers
What beta blockers are cardioselective with beta one?
atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol
What beta blockers are non selective with beta 1 and 2?
propranolol
What beta blockers are both alpha and beta?
labetalol, carvedilol
What alpha antagonists can be used for HTN?
doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin
In who is primary HTN most common?
25-50 yrs old
What organs are involved in HTN?
heart, brain, kidneys, eyes, peripheral arteries
How may primary HTN present?
asymptomatic for years, with headache as the most frequent symptom
What is required for diagnosis of HTN?
more than one reading unless it’s an emergency or >220/115
What are risk factors for exacerbating of primary HTN?
obesity, sleep apnea, increased salt intake, excessive alcohol, polycythemia, NSAID therapy, low potassium
What can cause primary HTN?
genetic + environmental –> overactivation of SNS, RAAS, elevated Na/Ca levels, variation in development
What is considered normal BP?
<120/80
What is considered elevated BP?
120-129/<80
What is considered Stage 1 HTN?
130-139/80-89