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cardiovascular system > Hypertension Therapy > Flashcards

Hypertension Therapy Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

in stage 1 hypertension what is clinical blood pressure

A

140/90 mmHg or higher

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2
Q

in stage 1 hypertension what is ABPM daytime average

A

135/85mmHg or higher

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3
Q

in stage 2 hypertension what is clinical blood pressure

A

160/100mmHg or higher

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4
Q

in stage 2 hypertension what is ABPM daytime average

A

150/95mmHg or higher

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5
Q

what is renal artery stenosis most often caused by

A

atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasis

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6
Q

what is Fibromuscular dysplasia

A

a disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the artery wall

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7
Q

why do we treat hypertension

A

reduce cerebrovascular disease by 40-50%

reduce MI by 16-30%

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8
Q

how do we treat hypertension

A

stepped approach use of low doses of several drugs

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9
Q

what age group would receive an ACE inhibitor/ARB as part of treatment for hypertension

A

under 55 years old

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10
Q

what age group would receive Calcium Channel Blocker and Thiazide –Type Diuretic

A

over 55 years old

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11
Q

what are the two Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

A

Ramipril

Perindopril

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12
Q

what does ACE convert Angiotensin I to

A

active angiotensin II

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13
Q

what does Angiotensin II do to blood vessels

A

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor

also a hypertrophic agent

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14
Q

what is the function of aldosterone

A
  1. increases Na+ re-absorption
  2. increases the release of ADH from the pituritary
  3. vasoconstrictor
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15
Q

what are contraindications that may prevent you from giving a patient ACE inhibitors

A

renal artery stenosis
renal failure
hyperkalemia

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16
Q

what drug that you know of precipitates acute renal failure

A

NSAIDs

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17
Q

what is an example of a Angiotensin II Antagonist (ARB)

A

Losartan

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18
Q

what happens to blood vessels as a result of taking Angiotensin II Antagonists

A

they block the action of angiotensin II binding to the receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels. As a result blood vessels dilate and blood pressure is reduced

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19
Q

are calcium channel blockers vasodilaters or vasoconstrictors

A

vasodilaters

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20
Q

what are two examples of calcium channel blockers

Study These Flashcards
A

Amlodipine/Felodipine

21
Q

what type of calcium channels do CCBs block

Study These Flashcards
A

L type calcium channels

22
Q

if a patient is over 55 years and in need of a antihyperintensive, what would you give them

23
Q

if a women of child bearing age needed an anti hypertensive, what would you give her

24
Q

what are two Thiazide type diuretics that you know of

Study These Flashcards
A

Indapamide, Clortalidone

25
what is commonly the first line of treatment for afro-caribbean individuals with mild-moderate hypertension
Thiazide-type diuretic
26
what is the effect of Thiazide type diuretics
make kidneys pass out more water dilate blood vessels these two effects reduce blood pressure
27
what is the function of Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists
block the effect of the sympathetic nerves on blood vessels by binding to alpha-adrenoceptors located on vascular smooth muscle.
28
name a alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist
Doxazosin
29
what is the function of Centrally acting agents in the treatment of hypertension
lower heart rate reduce blood pressure they do this by preventing your brain from sending signals to your nervous system to speed up your heart rate and narrow your vessels
30
what are some adverse drug reactions of Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists
first dose hypotension dizziness dry mouth headache
31
in hypertension treatment what group of patients will centrally acting agents mainly be used as treatment
treatment of hypertension on pregnant women
32
what is a common risk factor for preeclampsia
existing primary hypertension
33
what is esmolol
cardioselective beta 1 receptor
34
what is stage 1 hypertension in children defined as
Defined as BPs from the 95th-99th percentile plus 5mmHg.
35
what is stage 2 hypertension in children defined as
BP above the 99th percentile plus 5mmHg
36
what are the commonest causes of hypertension i newborn infants
Renal artery thrombosis Renal artery stenosis Congenital renal malformations Coarctation
37
what is coarctation
congenital narrowing of a short section of the aorta
38
what are the commonest causes of hypertension in infants - 6 years
Renal parenchymal disease Coarctation Renal artery stenosis
39
what are the commonest causes of hypertension in children 6-10 years
renal parenchymal disease renal artery stenosis primary hypertension
40
what are the commomest causes of hypertension in adolescents aged 10-18
primary hypertension | renal parenchymal disease
41
what is accelerated hypertension
Increase in blood pressure to levels ≥180 mm Hg systolic and ≥110 mm Hg diastolic, resulting in target organ damage
42
what is the definition of hypertensive urgency
sever hypertension with no evidence of target organ damage
43
what is a common cause a accelerated hypertension
non adherence to medication
44
how many "what not to do!" treatment guidelines are there
6 * see slide 90 of hypertension therapy
45
how are patents with a hypertensive emergency best managed
a continuous infusion of a short acting, titratable antihypertensive agent
46
during a hypertensive emergency what type of drug administration should be avoided at all time
sublingual | intramuscular
47
in accelerated hypertension what is the aim of treatment in the first hour
The immediate goal is to reduce DBP by 15–20% or to about 110mmHg over a period of 30–60 min
48
what are treatable causes of hypertension that can be screened for
renal artery stenosis cushings disease Conns syndrome sleep apnoea

cardiovascular system (34 decks)

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