Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones DSA Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
somatotropin
A
GH
2
Q
octreotride
A
somatostatin analog
3
Q
pegvisomant
A
GH antagonist
4
Q
bromocriptin
A
dopamine agonist
5
Q
cabergoline
A
dopamine agonist
6
Q
vasopressin
A
ADH
7
Q
desmopressin
A
vasopressin receptor agonist
8
Q
neurons of posterior pituitary
A
supraoptic nuclei
paraventricular nuclei
synthesize arginine vasopressin or oxytocin
9
Q
GH signaling
A
JAK/STAT
single chain proteins
10
Q
PRL signaling
A
JAK/STAT
single chain proteins
11
Q
thyrotropin
A
TSH
12
Q
TSH signaling
A
GPCRs
dimeric proteins
13
Q
FSH signaling
A
GPCRs
dimeric proteins
14
Q
LH signaling
A
GPCRs
dimeric proteins
15
Q
ACTH signaling
A
GPCRs
cleaved from precursor beta endorphin
single peptide
16
Q
TSH release
A
regulated by TRH
17
Q
LH and FSH release
A
regulated by GnRH
18
Q
ACTH release
A
regulated by CRH
19
Q
TSH and TRH release
A
negative feedback from T4 and T3
20
Q
FSH, LH, and GnRH release
A
negative feedback from estrogen/progesterone (F) and androgens (M)
21
Q
ACTH and CRH release
A
negative feedback from cortisol
22
Q
GH release
A
stimulated by GHRH
inhibited by somatostatin
23
Q
somatostatin
A
negative feedback on GH release
24
Q
GH release
A
inhibited by GH and IGF-1
25
PRL release
negative feedback from dopamine via D2 receptors
26
disruption of hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels
increase PRL
decrease ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, TSH
27
target organ of GH
liver, muscle, bone, kidney
IFG-1 mediator
28
somatotropin
aka GH
29
ACTH target organ
adrenal cortex
glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen release
30
GnRH release
endogenous - pulsatile - stimulates LH and FSH
continuously as drug - inhibit LH and FSH
31
somatropin
recombinant human form of rhGH
32
GH function
stimulates long bone growth
anabolic effects in muscle
catabolic effects in lipid cells
33
GH and IGF-1 on insulin
GH reduces insulin sensitivity
IGF-1 losers serum glucose and reduces insulin
34
GH deficiency in children
rhGH
| -permits children with short stature to achieve normal height
35
GH deficiency in adults
generalized obesity, reduced muscle mass, asthenia, reduced cardiac output
tx with rhGH reverses many of these symptoms
36
GH treatment of kids with short stature
prader-willi
turner
noonan
idiopathic short stature
37
wasting in AIDS patients
GH tx
38
adverse effects of GH in kids
rare - intracranial HTN - vision changes, HA, N/V
```
scoliosis
otitis media
turner syndrome
hypothyroidism
pancreatitis
gynecomastia
```
39
adverse effects of GH in adults
peripheral edema
myalgias
arthralgias
carpal tunnel syndrome
40
known active malignancy
contraindication for GH
41
mecasermin
recombinant IGF-1
in children with rare IGF-1 deficiency not responsive to GH - due to mutation in GH receptor
subQ admin**
42
adverse of mecasermin
hypoglycemia
so just eat before
43
anterior pituitary adenoma secreting GH
tx - GH antagonist
can cause acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children
44
MOA of pegvisoman
GH receptor antagonist
45
somatostatin analog MOA
suppression of GH secretion
46
dopamine receptor agonist
can be used to suppress GH secretion
47
somatostatin function
inhibit release of GH, TSH, glucagon, insulin, gastrin
48
octreotide
somatostatin analog
45x more potent than SST in inhibiting GH release and 2x as potent in reducing insulin secretion
49
octreotide admin
subQ
50
adverse effects of octreotide
```
N/V, abdominal cramping, flatulence
steatorrhea
bulky bowel movements
gallstones
cardiac effects
vit B12 deficiency
```
51
lanreotide
SST analog
| -approved for tx of acromegaly
52
pegvisomant MOA
GH receptor antagonist
53
tx of acromegaly
pegvisomant more effective than SST analogs
54
male hyperPRL
loss of libido and infertility
55
female hyperPRL
galactorrhea and amenorrhea
56
inhibition of PRL
dopamine agonists
57
hypogonadims and infertility with hyper PRL
result from inhibition of GnRH release
58
bromocriptin MOA
dopamine D2 receptor agonist
ergot derivative
59
cabergoline MOA
dopamine D2 receptor agonist
ergot derivative
60
cabergoline
dopamine agonist
longer half life, higher affinity, and greater selectivity for D2 receptors
lower incidence of side effects
61
pregnancy desired
bromocriptine preferred
as dopamine agonist
62
adverse of dopamine agonists
bromocriptine and cabergoline
nausea, HA, light headed, orthostatic HTN, fatigue
psych sx occasionally
macroadenoma during pregnancy continue
microadenoma during pregnancy stop therapy
63
postpartum lactation
do not recommend dopamine agonists
increased incidence of stroke and coronary thrombosis
64
oxytocin
stimulate uterine contraction
elicits milk ejection
differs from vasopressin at positions 3 and 8 out of 9 AA peptide
65
desmopressin
long acting synthetic analog of vasopressin
with minimal V1 receptor activity and an antidiuretic to pressor ratio 4000x that of vasopressin
66
vasopressin MOA
activate V1 and V2 receptors
-GPCRs
V1 - smooth muscle cells of vascular - vasoconstriction
V2 - renal tubules - increased water permeability in collecting tubule
extrarenal V2 - regulate release of coag factor VIII and vWF
67
pituitary diabetes insipidus tx
vasopressin and desmopressin
68
coagulopathy in hem A and vWF disease tx
desmopressin
69
vasopressin CIs
CAD - vasoconstriction
70
overdose of vasopressin
hyponatremia
| -seizures
71
conivaptan
vasopressin antagoninst
72
tolvaptan
vasopressin antagonist
more selective for V2
