Hypothalamus & CNS Infxns I Flashcards
(41 cards)
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Appetite
- Lateral nucleus: involved in food seeking and consumption behavior
- Arcuate nucleus: contains NPY, PYY, leptin, and insulin receptors then projects to PVR and lateral nucleus
- Oxytocin neurons from the parvocellular PVN (paraventricular nucleus) that project to the brainstem to regulate feeding
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Induction of non-REM sleep
(a) nt involved
(b) mechanism
VLPO = ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
(a) GABAergic neurons
(b) works by inhibiting orexin and monoaminergic neuron cell groups (Raphe nucleus, TMN (tuberomammilary nucleus), and LC (locus coreleus))
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Monitoring hydration state/drinking behavior
Medial preoptic nucleus
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Primary control of male sexual behavior
Medial preoptic nucleus
What would result after a lesion to the:
Medial preoptic area
Abolishment of male sexual behavior
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Appetite
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Synthesizing hormones for the posterior pituitary
The magnocellular neurosecretory cells of both the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus) synthesize ADH and oxytocin which are stored in the posterior pituitary
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Origin of the HPA axis
Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) b/c it synthesizes CRH (to the anterior pituitary to release ACTH to cause adrenal gland to release cortisol)
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Releasing TRH to the anterior pituitary
Paraventricular nucleus
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Releasing CRH to the anterior pituitary
Paraventricular nucleus
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Releasing GHRH and GnRH to the anterior pituitary
Arcuate nucleus
Which hypothalamic nucleus is the floor of the 3rd ventricle?
Arcuate nucleus
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Parasympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system
Anterior nucleus
What would result after a lesion to the:
Anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
Lesion to the anterior nucleus => hyperthermia
-b/c anterior nucleus detects increases in body temp to activate heat dissipation mechanisms
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Circadian rhythm/biologic clock
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (named b/c it sits just above the optic chiasm)
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Primary drive for female sexual behavior
Ventromedial nucleus
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Conflict btwn mating and aggression in males
Ventromedial nucleus
-can be stimulated to induce males to attack females before or after (not during) sex
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Monitoring long and short term energy stores
Arcuate nucleus
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Sympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system
Posterior nucleus
What would result after a lesion to the:
Posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
Hypothermia if in a cold environment
-posterior nucleus involved in heating behavior => if lost than you can’t heat up
What is the tuber cinereum?
Gray mater eminence from which the pituitary stalk (infundibulum) extends
-part of the hypothalamus from which the infundibulum extends
What would result after a lesion to the:
VLPO
Insomnia
What area of the brain does Korsakoff’s syndrome affect? What clinical symptom does this cause?
Korsakoff’s syndrome (thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism) is associated w/ brain damage to the mammillary bodies which => anterograde amnesia
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Sexual orientation
Interstitial nuclei 1-4 of the anterior hypothalamus
-larger in males than females, and larger in straight vs. gay men
Hypothalamic nuclei involved with:
Gender identity
Uncinate nucleus (which is just interstitial nuclei 3 and 4 of the anterior hypothalamus)
-smaller in male –> female transgender than in cisgendered men
