Hypothalamus, Thyroid + Pituitary Gland Key Concepts

Question 1

What produces regulatory hormones that adjust activities of anterior lobe of pituitary gland and the hormones produced there?

Answer 1

The hypothalamus

Question 2

What produces oxytocin and ADH?

Answer 2

The hypothalamus

Question 3

What has a direct neural control over the stress response?

Answer 3

the hypothalamus

Question 4

anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 4

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 5

posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 5

antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Question 5

GH

Answer 5

growth hormone

Question 6

major target organs of growth hormone

Answer 6

liver + adipose tissue

Question 7

major physiological effects of growth hormone

Answer 7

promotes growth + control of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 8

TSH

Answer 8

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 9

major target organs of thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 9

thyroid gland

Question 10

major physiological effects of thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 10

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 11

ACTH

Answer 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 12

major target organs of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 12

adrenal glands (cortex)

Question 13

major physiological effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 13

stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 14

major target organs of prolactin

Answer 14

mammary gland

Question 15

major target organs of Luteinising hormone

Answer 15

ovary and testes

Question 16

major target organs of follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 16

ovary and testes

Question 17

major target organs of melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 17

skin

Question 18

major target organs of antidiuretic hormone

Answer 18

kidneys

Question 19

major target organs of oxytocin

Answer 19

uterus, mammary glands, sperm ducts and prostate

Question 20

ADH

Answer 20

anti-diuretic hormone

Question 21

MSH

Answer 21

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 22

FSH

Answer 22

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 23

LH

Answer 23

luteinising hormone

Question 24

major physiological effects of prolactin

Answer 24

milk production

Question 25

major physiological effects of luteinising hormone

Answer 25

ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, secretion of testosterone

Question 26

major physiological effects of follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 26

secretion of oestrogen, follicle development and sperm maturation

Question 27

major physiological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 27

melanin production in skin

Question 28

major physiological effects of antidiuretic hormone

Answer 28

reabsorption of water, evaluation of blood pressure and volume

Question 29

major physiological effects of oxytocin

Answer 29

stimulates milk ejection, uterine contractions, contractions of sperm ducts and prostate glands

Question 30

anterior pituitary hormones generally

Answer 30

most of these hormones control other endocrine organs, including thyroid gland, adrenal glands and gonads

Question 31

ADH generally

Answer 31

restricts water loss and promotes thirst

Question 32

oxytocin generally

Answer 32

stimulates smooth muscle contractions in: mammary glands, uterus, prostate gland and sperm ducts

Question 33

what produces PTH

Answer 33

parathyroid glands, and this is the primary regulator of blood calcium levels in adults

Question 34

PTH

Answer 34

parathyroid hormone

Question 35

PTH works with what, to regulate calcium levels in the body

Answer 35

calcitriol and calcitonin

Question 36

parathyroid hormone increases free calcium, so consequently...

Answer 36

resorption from bone and reabsorption from kidneys

Question 37

calcitriol increases free calcium, so consequently...

Answer 37

increases absorption from digestive tract

Question 38

calcitonin decreases levels of free calcium, so consequently...

Answer 38

stops resorption from bone and increases excretion at kidneys

Question 39

what does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 39

triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin

Question 40

What adjusts tissue metabolic rates?

Answer 40

thyroid hormones

Question 41

Calcitonin

Answer 41

plays a role in calcium homeostasis by altering circulating calcium levels