Hypothalamus to Pituatary gland Flashcards
(30 cards)
Functions of endocrine system
Second control system of body
Controls activities of body using hormones
Controls major physiological processes
What are the cells of the endocrine system?
Epithileal cells
What are the 3 stimuli for hormones to be released?
Hormonal
Neural
Humoral
What the steps to how hormones work?
Hormones are made and secreted by a stimuli
Hormone goes from interstitual fluid to blood plasma and throughout the body
Locates the target organ or cell
Target cell changes
How can a target cell change?
Plasma permeability
Becomes electrically charged
Starts cell division
Causes release of substances
Describe humoral stimulus
Changes in number of ions, water, or nutrients in body fluids
Usually the fluid is blood
Ex: if blood calcium goes up or down
What do negative feedback mechanisms do?
Keep hormones within a set range
What do positive feedback mechanisms do?
Increase hormone levels
Where is hypothalamus located?
Inferior to thalamus and superior to the pituitary gland
Where is pituitary gland?
Sits at sella turnica
What connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Infundibulum
What is the arterial supply of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Internal carotid artery
What is venous drainage of pituitary gland?
Cavernous sinus
Role of the posterior pituitary gland?
Stores oxytocin
Stores antidiuretic hormone
How do oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone get to the posterior pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus produces the hormones
They get passed down the infudibulum and get stored in posterior pituitary gland
Oxytocin function
Initiates labor
Stimulates uterine contractions
Ejaculation of semen
Ejaculation of milk
AKA love drug
Antidiuretic hormone function
Prevents you from peeing
Retains water
Water reabsorption in kidneys
Constriction of systemic. arteries
What carries hypothalamus hormones to anterior pituitary gland?
Hypophyseal portal vein
What types of hormones does hypothalamus send to anterior pituitary gland?
Releasing hormones
Inhibitory hormones
What are the non endocrine target hormones released by anterior pituitary gland?
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone
Steps to release Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Hypothalamus sends RH to APG
APG releases melanocyte stimulating hormone
What does Melanocyte stimulating hormone do?
Targets melanocytes in the epidermis
Makes and releases melanin
Steps to release Prolactin (PRL)
After childbirth
Hypothalamus sends prolactin releasing hormone to APG
APG releases prolactin (PRL)
What does Prolactin do?
Targets mammary glands
Makes milk
