Hypotonic Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are hypotonic IV solutions?
Hypotonic IV solutions have a lower osmolality and contain fewer solutes than plasma. They cause fluid shifts from the ECF into the ICF, leading to cell swelling and potential rupture.
What is the electrolyte content threshold for hypotonic IV solutions?
IV solutions are considered hypotonic if the total electrolyte content is less than 250 mEq/L.
What are the common uses of hypotonic IV fluids?
Hypotonic IV fluids are used to provide free water for excretion of body wastes, treat cellular dehydration, and replace cellular fluid.
What is 0.45% Sodium Chloride (0.45% NaCl)?
0.45% Sodium Chloride, also known as half-strength normal saline, is a hypotonic IV solution used for replacing water in patients with hypovolemia and hypernatremia.
What are the risks of excessive use of 0.45% Sodium Chloride?
Excessive use may lead to hyponatremia due to sodium dilution, especially in patients prone to water retention.
What is the osmolality and electrolyte content of 0.45% Sodium Chloride?
It has an osmolality of 154 mOsm/L and contains 77 mEq/L sodium and chloride.
What is 0.33% Sodium Chloride (0.33% NaCl)?
0.33% Sodium Chloride Solution is used to allow kidneys to retain needed amounts of water and is typically administered with dextrose.
What precautions should be taken with 0.33% Sodium Chloride?
It should be used with caution in patients with heart failure and renal insufficiency.
What is 0.225% Sodium Chloride (0.225% NaCl)?
0.225% Sodium Chloride Solution is often used as a maintenance fluid for pediatric patients as it is the most hypotonic IV fluid available at 77 mOsm/L.
What is 2.5% Dextrose in Water (D2.5W)?
2.5% dextrose in water is a hypotonic IV solution used to treat dehydration and decrease sodium and potassium levels.
What should not be done with 2.5% Dextrose in Water?
It should not be administered with blood products as it can cause hemolysis of red blood cells.
What are the nursing considerations for administering hypotonic IV solutions?
Document baseline data, assess vital signs, monitor for fluid volume deficit, and avoid use in contraindicated conditions.
What conditions contraindicate the use of hypotonic IV solutions?
Avoid use in patients with liver disease, trauma, burns, and those at risk for increased intracranial pressure (IICP).
What are the risks of excessive infusion of hypotonic IV fluids?
Excessive infusion can lead to intravascular fluid depletion, decreased blood pressure, cellular edema, and cell damage.
What should be avoided when administering hypotonic IV solutions?
Do not administer along with blood products as it can cause hemolysis of red blood cells.
What is the definition of hypotonic?
Hypotonic refers to a solution with low concentration.
Example: High concentration in cell, low concentration in blood.
What happens to cells in a hypotonic solution?
Water from blood moves into the cell, causing the cell to swell and potentially leading to cellular edema.
Slow infusion is used to prevent cellular edema.
What are some examples of hypotonic solutions?
Examples include D5W (in the body), 2.5% Dextrose, 0.25% NaCl, and 0.45% NaCl (half normal saline).
