Isotonic Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are isotonic IV fluids?
Isotonic IV fluids have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma, expanding both intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces equally.
What is the total electrolyte content for a solution to be considered isotonic?
A solution is considered isotonic if the total electrolyte content is approximately 310 mEq/L.
What is Normal Saline Solution (NSS)?
Normal Saline Solution (0.9% NaCl) is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid containing water, sodium (154 mEq/L), and chloride (154 mEq/L).
What is the osmolality of Normal Saline Solution?
Normal Saline Solution has an osmolality of 308 mOsm/L.
What is the primary use of Normal Saline Solution?
Normal Saline is used for expanding extracellular fluid volume and correcting extracellular fluid volume deficit.
— administration of blood products
— replace large sodium losses such as in burn injuries and trauma
What are the contraindications for using Normal Saline Solution?
Normal Saline should not be used for heart failure, pulmonary edema, renal impairment, or conditions causing sodium retention.
What is Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)?
D5W is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid with a serum osmolality of 252 mOsm/L, initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic when dextrose is metabolized.
What should D5W not be used for?
D5W should not be used for fluid resuscitation or in clients at risk for increased intracranial pressure.
What is Lactated Ringer’s 5% Dextrose in Water (D5LRS)?
Lactated Ringer’s Solution is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid designed to be a near-physiological solution of balanced electrolytes.
What electrolytes are contained in Lactated Ringer’s Solution?
Lactated Ringer’s contains 130 mEq/L of sodium, 4 mEq/L of potassium, 3 mEq/L of calcium, and 109 mEq/L of chloride.
What are the primary uses of Lactated Ringer’s Solution?
Lactated Ringer’s is used to correct dehydration, sodium depletion, and replace GI tract fluid losses.
What should be avoided when administering Lactated Ringer’s Solution?
Lactated Ringer’s should not be given to patients who cannot metabolize lactate, such as those with liver disease.
What is Ringer’s Solution?
Ringer’s Solution is an isotonic IV solution similar to Lactated Ringer’s but without lactate.
What are the general nursing considerations for isotonic IV solutions?
Nursing considerations include documenting baseline data, monitoring for fluid overload, and educating patients on symptoms of fluid volume overload.
What signs indicate fluid overload?
Signs of fluid overload include hypertension, bounding pulse, pulmonary crackles, dyspnea, and peripheral edema.
How should patients be positioned during isotonic IV fluid administration?
Patients should be positioned in semi-Fowler’s (30 ‐ 45 degrees) position with legs elevated if edema is present.
What is a key monitoring consideration for patients with heart failure receiving isotonic fluids?
Patients with heart failure should be carefully monitored for signs of fluid overload due to the expansion of the intravascular space.
What is isotonic solution?
Isotonic solutions have a similar concentration to blood/plasma.
What happens to isotonic solutions in the body?
There are no changes since there is no osmosis; they stay in the blood vessels.
What is an example of an isotonic solution used for irrigation?
Normal saline solution (NSS) is used for irrigation.
What isotonic solution is used for burns?
Lactated Ringer’s solution is used for burns.
What is D5W?
D5W is a solution of 5% dextrose in water.
Examples of isotonic solutions
— 0.9% NaCl (Normal Saline)
— Lactated Ringers D5W (in the bag)
— 5% dextrose in water
