I-101 Midterm

Question 1

Limits of Computing (Management)

Answer 1

Metatags: info about an item (digital).

Emotion (Emoticons) does not transfer well to computing

Question 2

Limits of Computing (Storage)

Answer 2

Humans use decimal (Base10) to represent numbers. Computers use Binary (Base2) to represent numbers.

Question 3

Wicked Problems

Answer 3

Difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. E.g. (1) designing a safe way for students to cross 10th street; (2) fixing the U.S. healthcare system; (3) creating an E-Math Textbook.

Question 4

Wicked Problems (in depth)

Answer 4

(1) You don’t understand the problem until you have developed a solution
(2) Wicked problems have no stopping rule
(3) Solutions to wicked problems are not right or wrong (can be better or worse)
(4) Every wicked problem is essentially unique and novel
(5) Solutions to a wicked problem is a “one-shot” operation
(6) Wicked problems have no given alternative solutions

Question 5

Tame Problems

Answer 5

Has a definite solution. Has a solution that can be evaluated and is definable and stable. E.g. Provide detailed instructions for making a peanut butter and jelly sandwhich; (2) a game of chess.

Question 6

Analog

Answer 6

“Real World”, cannot be copied EXACTLY, continuously

Question 7

Digital

Answer 7

“Virtual”, CAN be copied exactly, a sample of something, represented O’s and 1’s

Question 8

Identifying the Specific Problem

Answer 8

(1) Who, what, where, when, why, how?
(2) Draw it out! Diagramming, etc…
(3) Research: interview, observe
(4) Writing Exercises: define what’s going on (restate the problem in a different way) and note what is NOT happening.

Question 9

Common Problem Solving Mistakes (7 ways)

Answer 9

(1) Satisficing
(2) Palliative
(3) Bold Statements
(4) Ad Hominem
(5) Procrustean
(6) Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
(7) Rose Colored Glasses

Question 10

Adding Structure to Problem Solving (3 ways)

Answer 10

(1) Using methodologies
(2) Conducting thorough research
(3) Testing Solutions

Question 11

Propositions

Answer 11

“True or False” statements

Question 12

Propositional Logic

Answer 12

1. (conjunction, disjunction, negation)
2. Truth tables
3. Type of outcomes (tautology, contradiction, contingency)
4. Logical equivalency
5. Drawing circuits

Question 13

Conjunction

Answer 13

(and) (^) (*) result is true if both are true

Question 14

Disjunction

Answer 14

(or) (v) (+) result is true as long as one is true

Question 15

Negation

Answer 15

(¬) opposite of object

Question 16

Tautology

Answer 16

All 1’s (or ALL True)

Question 17

Contradiction

Answer 17

All 0’s (or All False)

Question 18

Contingency

Answer 18

any mix of 0’s and 1’s

Question 19

Logical Equivalency

Answer 19

Two statements are Logically Equivalent if and only if they are true in precisely the same situations. Another way to think of a pair of logically equivalent statements is as two statements that say the exact same thing. If one of them is true, the other is true; if one of them is false, the other is false.

Question 20

Algorithims

Answer 20

Things considered to be structured, sequencial (1,2,3,….). E.g. (1) Computer Program; (2) Food Recipe.

Question 21

Heuristics

Answer 21

General guidelines, “Rule of thumb”, common practices. E.g. (1) “Don’t Speed!”; (2) “Science”

Question 22

Logical Thinking

Answer 22

Each phrase has one and only one meaning. The rules are clear and do not change.

Question 23

Critical Thinking

Answer 23

Creative, using past experiences, making connections, being able to formulate answers. E.g. what problem(s) could be solved using vending machines at IU dorms?

Question 24

Utility Analysis

Answer 24

For each probability, multiply times utility to get best possible outcome

Question 25

Utility

Answer 25

measure of the benefit we expect to get from an event happening

Question 26

Process (JES)

Answer 26

how we do something/accomplish something

Question 27

Program (JES)

Answer 27

a specific language that allows a process to occur

Question 28

Algorithm (JES)

Answer 28

a set of rules/description of the process (ex. a recipe)

Question 29

To Call (JES)

Answer 29

basically to have the program pull up something that is stored in it's "memory"

Question 30

Command (JES)

Answer 30

does something (ex. print)

Question 31

Function (JES)

Answer 31

a full line of code that makes something happen

Question 32

Strings (JES)

Answer 32

any combination of letters, numbers, etc... that are enclosed by "quotations" Example: "hello", "1101101", "I am the best!!!"

Question 33

Variable (JES)

Answer 33

a symbolic name used to store and represent data/information to be used somewhere within a program

Question 34

Satisficing

Answer 34

(to Satisfy/Suffice) a temporary solution to a problem where a permanent fix is possible. E.g. Duct Taping the wing of a plane.

Question 35

Palliative

Answer 35

Temporary relief. Something that prevents/halts a problem where a permanent fix is NOT possible. E.g. Using an inhaler to treat an Asthma flare up

Question 36

Bold Statements

Answer 36

statements that can NEVER always be true. E.g. A sign that reads "Always open" but says "closed" underneath.

Question 37

Ad Hominem

Answer 37

"to the man". Just because somebody (like a celebrity) says something it has to be true. E.g. Michael Phelps in Subway commercials; (2) Geico Real Customer Testimonial commercial.

Question 38

Procrustean

Answer 38

"One size fits all". Tailoring data to fit the container (where it really shouldn't). E.g. Expect some results, if the results are not satisfying, modify the results to satisfy.

Question 39

Past Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Answer 39

"after therefore because of this". Linking unrelated things to each other. E.g. More kids in college and also more kids in jail -- college is causing kids to go to jail.

Question 40

Rose Colored Glasses

Answer 40

Being unrealistically optimistic. E.g. making an excuse to make a terrible situation better.

Question 41

HTML skeleton

Answer 41

``` html head title Title of the Webpage /title /head body CONTENT GOES HERE /body /html ```

Question 42

body tag

Answer 42

shows where the viewable area of the HTML page is.

Question 43

strong tag

Answer 43

makes text bold

Question 44

p tag

Answer 44

paragraph

Question 45

title tag

Answer 45

Title of webpage shown on Tab at top.