I-8

Question 1

What common thread did the diverse Indian cultures share? How did that clash with the white man’s views?

Answer 1

1) Indian cultures saw themselves as part of nature & viewed nature as sacred
2) Many white people viewed the land as a resource to produce wealth
- > sowed the seeds of conflict

Question 2

What changed in the federal government’s policies in the 1850s? What evolved?

Answer 2

Gold & silver found in Indian territory- (1850s) federal government began to restrict Indians to smaller areas / (1860s) Indians were forced onto separate reservations

Question 3

Besides the reservation system, what were two new challenges facing Native American civilization?

Answer 3

White settlers introduces diseases to which Indians had no immunity & killed the buffaloes for sport- leaving both the valuable hide + meat

Question 4

How did the notion of manifest destiny collide with Native Americans?

Answer 4

• Encouraged to move west

- Ignored the fact that Native Americans inhabited half the area of the US

Question 5

Describe the impact on the Native American/settler conflict.

Answer 5

• During the Civil War, US army tried to protect settlers & push Native Americans back (limited)
• After the war ended more troops sent to subdue the Native Americans (unlimited)

Question 6

What conclusion did the United States Indian Peace Commission come to?

Answer 6

Native Americans had to settle on farms & adapt to the civilization of the whites

Question 7

Detail the Fort Laramie Treaty.

Answer 7

The government agrees not to build the road through Sioux Territory & abandoned 3 forts
The Sioux & others who signed the treaty agreed to living on a reservation with support from federal government

Question 8

Why did this, and so many other treaties fail? (3)

Answer 8

1. Some Indians couldn’t abide by it
2. Corrupt Indian agents> stole funds & resources
3. Lack of guilt/military to enforce on Indian’s behalf

Question 9

Identify the cause of the Red River War.

Answer 9

Failure of the USA government to abide by & enforce the terms of the 1867 Treaty of Medicine Lodge

Question 10

Identify the significance of the Red River War.

Answer 10

• Led to the final defeat of the powerful Southern Plains Indians
• End of buffalo herds
• Opened west Texas to whites

Question 11

What ultimately led to the defeat of the Indians on the Northern Plains?

Answer 11

The lure of gold> Black Hills gold rush- 1875

Question 12

What made the removal of the Nez Perces different?

Answer 12

Many of them were Christians; they were settled= horse/ cattle breeders

Question 13

What steps were taken to foster assimilation of Native Americans?

Answer 13

1. Forced onto reservations
2. Given specific plots of land to farm
3. Children encouraged to go to boarding schools