I and D Drug Update

Question 1

Name the drug that causes SEIZURES

Answer 1

Meropenem

Question 2

Name the drug that causes RED MAN SYNDROME

Answer 2

Vancomycin

Question 3

Name the drug that causes BONE MARROW DEPRESSION (APLASTIC ANEMIA)

Answer 3

Chloramphenicol

Question 4

Name the drug that causes SUPER INFECTION

Answer 4

Clindamycin

Question 5

Name the drug that causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY AND BROWN TEETH

Answer 5

Doxycycline

Question 6

Name the drug that causes THROMBOCYTOPENIA (DECREASED PLATELETS LEADING TO BRUISING AND BLEEDING)

Answer 6

Linezolid

Question 7

Name the drug that causes POLYARTHRALGIA & HEPTATOTOXICITY

Answer 7

Pyrazinamide

Question 8

Name the drug that causes EPIGASTIC DISTRESS

Answer 8

Erythromycin

Question 9

Name the drug that causes NEPHRO-OTO-NEURO TOXICITY

Answer 9

Gentamicin

Question 10

Name the drug that causes TENDONITIS/TENDON RUPTURE, PERIPHERAL NEUOPATHY, CNS EFFECT & PROLONG QT

Answer 10

Ciprofloxacin

Question 11

Name the drug that causes MYOPATHY

Answer 11

Daptomycin

Question 12

Name the drug that causes VISUAL DISTURBANCES

Answer 12

Ethambutol

Question 13

Name the drug that causes HEPATOTOXICITY

Answer 13

Isoniazid

Question 14

Name the drug that causes HA, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, & ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY

Answer 14

Metronidazole

Question 15

Name the drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 15

Beta lactams (amoxicillin, nafcillin, penicillin, cefazoline, ceftriaxone, ceftaroline)

Vancomycin

Meropenem

Question 16

Name the drug that inhibits beta-lactamase

Answer 16

Clavulanic acid

Question 17

Name the drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 50S

Answer 17

Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, linezolid

Question 18

Name the drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S

Answer 18

Doxycycline and gentamycin

Question 19

Name the drugs that inhibit the folate pathway

Answer 19

Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Question 20

Name the drug that inhibit DNA gyrase/topoisomerase

Answer 20

Ciprofloxacin (a Fluoroquinalone)

Question 21

Name the drug that inhibits free radicals leading to the destruction of DNA

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

Name the drug that is a membrane disruptor

Answer 22

Daptomycin

Question 23

Name the non-beta lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 23

Ethambutol and isoniazid

Question 24

Name the drug that inhibits RNA polymerase

Answer 24

Rifambutin

Question 25

Name the drugs that are STATIC

Answer 25

``` Clindamycin Erythromycin Trimethoprim (alone) Sulfamethoxazole (alone) Ethambutanol Linezolid Doxycycline ``` Pyrazinamide (mainly static)

Question 26

Define Cidal

Answer 26

The concentration that inhibits growth is similar to kill concentration

Question 27

Define Static

Answer 27

The concentration that inhibits growth is much less than the concentration that kills

Question 28

What does concentration independent (time dependent) mean?

Answer 28

``` Concentration independent (time dependent) means that the rate and extent of microorganism killing remain unchanged regardless of antimicrobial concentration. ```

Question 29

What does concentration dependent (time independent) mean?

Answer 29

``` Concentration dependent (time independent) means that the rate and extent of microorganism killing are a function of the antimicrobial concentration (microorganism killing increases as the concentration increases). ```

Question 30

What is the most common mechanism for resistance to b-lactam antibiotics?

Answer 30

enzymatic inactivation

Question 31

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is due to?

Answer 31

mecA gene prevents the drug from inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It does not allow the ringlike structure of penicillin-like antibiotics to bind to and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 32

Isoniazid resistant TB is most frequently caused by?

Answer 32

Decreased conversion to active form by the catalase like enzyme, katG

Question 33

Resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, etc.) is typically caused by?

Answer 33

Either alterations in the target DNA topoisomerases or increased efflux mechanisms