I-Biochemistry-Basics Flashcards by teejay ramirez

biochem flashcards

Asymetrical distrubtion of electrical charges are classified as this.

Dipole (polar) molecule

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This is a bond that can be created between hydrogen atoms of amino acids and water molecules.

Hyrdogen bonds

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biochem flashcards

Why are Bicarbonate and other buffers labeled as Amphoteric molecules?

They can act as an acid or base

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Phospholipids and Bile salts share this similar characteristic.

Amphipathic

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True or False: If pH>pka, the predominant form of a weak acid is its Deprotonated form.

True. A pH>pKa a means lower H+ concentration; increases Weak acids to donate its H+, and decrease Weak bases to accept H+

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biochem flashcards

True or False: If pH>pKa, the charged form of Weak bases are more numerous

False. A pH>pKa a means lower H+ concentration; increases Weak acids to donate its H+, and decrease Weak bases to accept H+

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biochem flashcards

True or False: If pH<pka, the predominant form of a weak base is its Charged form.

True. A pH<pKa a means higher H+ concentration; increases weak bases to accept H+ thus making them charged

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biochem flashcards

Ture or False: if pH<pka, the weak acids will have a tendency to be unprotonated

False. A pH<pKa a means higher H+ concentration; increases weak acids tend to accept H+ thus making them protonated.

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biochem flashcards

Why are drugs with High pKas are not well absorbed it the stomach?

The pH<pKa causing the drug to be in its charged.

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biochem flashcards

This is required by an enzyme to function properly?

Co-factors

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CO acts on O2 by increasing this property, hence the use of 100% O2

Km is increased

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biochem flashcards

What type of Inhibition cause Km to change but Vmax to remain the same

Competitive inhibition

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What type of Inhibition cause Km to remain unchanged but Vmax to decrease

Non-competitive Inhibition

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This refers to the heat produced by a reaction

Enthalpy or _H

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biochem flashcards

The amount of randomness of a reaction is measured as

Entropy or _S

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This parameter can predict whether a reaction is spontaneous or not

_G or Free Energy

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Substance A & Substance B readily interchange with each other. Thus its _G is?

_G = 0, or in a state of Equilibrium

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Substance A cannot change to Substance B unless given energy. Its _G must be?

_G > 0, or an Endergonic/Endotermic Reaction

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Substance A will always change to Substance B when left alone. Its _G must be?

_G < 0, or an Exergonic/Exothermic Reaction

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True or False: High Enthalpy and Low Entropy will proceed spontanously.

False. _G = __H-T__S will cause _G>0

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biochem flashcards

Phosphoglycerate Kinase, Pyruvate Kinase, & Succinate Thiokinase enzymes generate ATP by?

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

biochem flashcards

NADH and FADH2 are utilized to generate ATP by?

Oxidative Phosphorylation

biochem flashcards

The greatest quantitative source high energy phosphate in anaerobes?

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

biochem flashcards

This produces more high energry phosphate from glucose because of the presence of O2?

Oxidative Phosphorylation

# biochem flashcards The ETC is specifically found where?

Inner Membrane of the mitochondria

# biochem flashcards Ribloflavin is to FAD as _________ is to NAD

Niacin (Vit. B3)

# biochem flashcards Part of the ETC that dehydrogenates NADH?

Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase)

# biochem flashcards Part of the ETC that is an enzyme more associated to the Kreb's Cycle?

Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenaes)

# biochem flashcards Coenzyme Q is unique because?

It's the only NON-PROTEIN part of the ETC

# biochem flashcards True or False: Cytochrome is c is the only FIXED part of the ETC

False, It is the ONLY MOVABLE part of the ETC

# biochem flashcards The heme part of this ETC structure contains Fe like the heme found in RBC.

Complex III (Ubiquinol)

# biochem flashcards Cytochrome oxidase differs from Complex III in that it contains this mineral instead of mineral

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) contains Copper (Cu) in its heme

# biochem flashcards Also known as Ubiquinone

Complex Q

# biochem flashcards How does NADH produce 3 ATP?

Its high energy electron drives the H-pumps at Complex I, III, IV

# biochem flashcards O2 is need by this Complex in order to function properly

Complex V (ATP synthase Complex)

# biochem flashcards Cyanide poisoning inhibits which complex

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase)

# biochem flashcards Barbiturates affects ETC by inhibiting?

Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase)

# biochem flashcards Dimercaprol, used in heavy metal poisoning, can also inhibit this ETC complex

Complex III (Ubiquinol)

# biochem flashcards Mitochondrial disease associated with the lose of ALL ETC complexes

Fatal Infantile Mitochondrial Myopathy

# biochem flashcards Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes are associated with which complex?

Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase)

# biochem flashcards Leigh's Disease

Complex IV deficiency

# biochem flashcards Kearn's-Sayre Syndrome

Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenaes) deficiency

# biochem flashcards Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Complex III (Ubiquinol) deficiency

# biochem flashcards Should a father afftect with Kearn's Sayre Syndrome be worried about passing his illness on to his children?

No, ALL Mitochondrial inherited disease are ONLY passed on through the maternal mitochondria

# biochem flashcards Prinicple effects caused by Uncouplers on the ETC

Inc. Permeability of Inner memberane to H+, Loss of Proton Gradient to drive ATP synthase complex

# biochem flashcards These uncoupling proteins are created by neonates to prevent Hypothermia

Thermogenins

# biochem flashcards Apsirin is a notorius uncoupler of the ETC leading to this dreaded toxic side effect

Hyperpyrexia

# biochem flashcards These are by-products of ETC that are toxic cells but also utilized to protect the body

Reactive Oxygen Species

# biochem flashcards The presence of this enzyme is used to differentiate Gram (+) cocci

Catalase

# biochem flashcards This is the result of sudden ETC activity after a prolonged hypoxic effect leading to further tissue injury

Reperfusion Injury