IB Unit 4 Quiz #5 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Spartacist Revolt (1919)
- Unsuccessful
- Communist revolt
- Berlin, 1919.
- SPD government turned to demobilizing soldiers returning from Freikorps
- leaders Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, were both murdered by the Freikorps.
Kapp Putsch (1920)
- right-wing attempts to seize power from the German Weimar Republic in Berlin.
- Led by conservative civil servant
- supported by army officers.
- The coup fails, but had collapsed only after the government fled the city and German workers carried out a general strike. Created additional problems for the Weimar Republic.
Freikorps
- German paramilitary organizations
- formed by returning defeated German soldiers.
- served as key paramilitary group of the Weimar Republic.
Stab in the Back Myth (Dolchstosslegende)
- The notion
- widely believed in right-wing circles (Germany)
- German Army did not lose World War I but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front, especially Jews, socialists, and the republicans who overthrew the monarchy.
Beer Hall Putscsh
- 1923
- Nazis attempted to overthrow the government in Munich
- then lead a Mussolini-inspired march on Berlin to overthrow the Weimar Republic.
- total failure
- Hitler received a brief prison sentence during which time he wrote Mein Kampf.
National Socialist German Workers Party
(Nazi Party) was a far-right, racist political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945.
Sturmabteilung (SA)
The storm troopers of the Nazi Party; “brownshirts”; paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party used to guard party meetings, intimidate/beat up/murder political rivals etc.
Scapegoating
The tendency for individuals, when frustrated or unhappy, to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, visible, and relatively powerless
Joseph Goebbels
Chief minister of the Nazi propaganda, and organizer of Kristallnacht
Reichstag Fire
February, 1933; the Reichstag was set on Fire by a secret order of Joseph Goebbels; called a communist plot; Hitler convinced President Hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for Communists, socialists, liberals, and trade unionists
Enabling Act (1933)
Enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament
Night of the Long Knives (1934)
Hitler decides that SA is too radical and out of control and directs SS tokill/imprison 700 leaders of SA, including the leader Ernst Roehm. Brings the military fully on board with the Nazi Party.
Schutzstaffel (SS)
An elite military unit of the Nazi party that served as Hitler’s bodyguard and as a special police force. a. A major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. Responsible for genocide of 6 million Jews and millions of others during the Holocaust.
Gestapo
the Nazi secret police force, known for its terrorism and brutality
Saar Plebiscite
The Saar region had been run by the L of N since 1919. In 1935 the L of N held the promised plebiscite for people to vote on whether they wanted to return to Germany. Around 90% voted to return to Germany, a huge success for Hitler.
Invasion of Abyssinia
Italy ignored the League of Nations sanctions, quit the League, and made special deals with Britain and France and ultimately established control of this empire in 1935
Remilitarization of the Rhineland (1936)
Violating the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler rebuilt German Army and had it occupy the area between Germany and France, known as the Rhineland.
Four Year Plan
The plan created by the Nazis in 1936 that served to improve the economy, military and infrastructure of Germany with the goal of making the country ready for war in four years.
Rome-Berlin Axis
The alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)
Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
Concluded between Germany and Japan in 1936, in which they agreed to maintain a common front against communism (USSR).
