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IBD Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease which causes ulcers of the _ and _ layer

A

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease which causes ulcers of the submucosa and mucosa

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2
Q

UC is associated with continuous colonic lesions starting in the _

A

UC is associated with continuous colonic lesions starting in the rectum
* Extends to the cecum

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3
Q

The chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum in UC is mediated by _ and _

A

The chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum in UC is mediated by Th2 cells and cytokines

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4
Q

UC can cause pain in _ quandrant

A

UC can cause LLQ pain

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5
Q

Describe the diarrhea in UC

A

Chronic bloody diarrhea

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6
Q

UC can cause inflammation of the eye, resulting in pain and blurry vision called _

A

UC can cause inflammation of the eye, resulting in pain and blurry vision called uveitis

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7
Q

UC can cause extraintestinal sx such as uveitis, arthritis, aphthous ulcers, and skin lesions like _ and _

A

UC can cause extraintestinal sx such as uveitis, arthritis, aphthous ulcers, and skin lesions like erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum

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8
Q

Ulcerative colitis is also associated with a chronic liver disease that causes the bile ducts to become inflammed and scarred called _

A

Ulcerative colitis is also associated with a chronic liver disease that causes the bile ducts to become inflammed and scarred called primary sclerosing cholangitis

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9
Q

UC is also associated with an inflammatory disease of the spine that can lead to fusion of vertebrae called _

A

UC is also associated with an inflammatory disease of the spine that can lead to fusion of vertebrae called ankylosing spondylitis

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10
Q

UC patient presents with abdominal distention, bloody diarrhea, fever, and signs of shock what should you be concerned for?

A

UC patient presents with abdominal distention, bloody diarrhea, fever, and signs of shock what should you be concerned for? Toxic megacolon

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11
Q

Toxic megacolon is associated with severe septic shock and lots of air inside the peritoneal space which we call _

A

Toxic megacolon is associated with severe septic shock and lots of air inside the peritoneal space which we call pneumoperitoneum

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12
Q

Very severe UC which involves lots of stools per day and an accumulation of sores/ulcers is called _

A

Very severe UC which involves lots of stools per day and an accumulation of sores/ulcers is called fulminant colitis

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13
Q

Colorectal cancer is associated with UC and often involves early _ mutations and late _ mutations

A

Colorectal cancer is associated with UC and often involves early p53 mutations and late APC mutations

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14
Q

UC may be identified on imaging with _ sign

A

UC may be identified on imaging with lead pipe sign

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15
Q

UC on histology will reveal _ and _

A

UC on histology will reveal crypt distortion and abscesses with neutrophils

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16
Q

UC can be identified on colonoscopy by _

A

UC can be identified on colonoscopy by friable inflammatory pseudopolyps

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17
Q

UC is associated with _ genetic marker

A

UC is associated with HLA-B27

18
Q

UC will be _ ANCA pos/neg

A

UC will be pos for p-ANCA

19
Q

Two inflammatory markers on CBC that will be elevated in UC are _ and _

A

Two inflammatory markers on CBC that will be elevated in UC are ESR and CRP
* These are also elevated in Crohn’s

20
Q

_ and _ are two products made by neutrophils that indicate inflammation (seen in IBD)

A

Lactoferrin and Calprotectin are two products made by neutrophils that indicate inflammation (seen in IBD)

21
Q

We can treat UC with 5-ASA compounds like _ and _

A

We can treat UC with 5-ASA compounds like mesalamine and sulfasalazine

22
Q

We can treat UC flares with _

A

We can treat UC flares with:
* Steroids
* Infiliximab
* Adalimumab
* 6-mercaptopurine

23
Q

Crohn’s disease is chronic inflammation mediated by _ and cytokines

A

Crohn’s disease is chronic inflammation mediated by Th1 cells and cytokines

24
Q

Crohn’s disease can involve _ lesions from mouth to anus

A

Crohn’s disease can involve “skip lesions” from mouth to anus

25
Q

The most commonly affected site in Crohn’s disease is the _

A

The most commonly affected site in Crohn’s disease is the terminal ileum

26
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with a mutation in _ gene

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with a mutation in NOD2

27
Q

The NOD2 receptor normally binds to _ to trigger _ pathway

A

The NOD2 receptor normally binds to LPS to trigger NF-kB pathway activation
* Decreased alpha definsin production
* Impaired innate immune response

28
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with (inc/dec) innate immune response and (inc/dec) adaptive immune response

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with decreased innate immune response and increased adaptive immune response

29
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of fistulas in crohn’s disease

A

Transmural inflammation –> epithelialization across bowel wall –> sinus tract formation –> fistulas

30
Q

Smoking increases the risk of _ IBD but decreases the risk of _

A

Smoking increases the risk of Crohn’s but decreases the risk of Ulcerative colitis

31
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with _ genetic marker

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with HLA-B27

32
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of strictures in crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammation –> fibrosis, wall thickening –> narrowing of the lumen

33
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with _ quandrant pain

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with RLQ pain

34
Q

Malabsorption is more of a concern in (UC/ Crohn’s)

A

Malabsorption is more of a concern in Crohn’s
* Concern for B12 and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption

35
Q

Name three types of fistulas that may occur from Crohn’s complications

A
  • Enteroenteric
  • Enterocutaneous
  • Enterovesical
36
Q

Extraintestinal complications of Crohn’s include:

A

Extraintestinal complications of Crohn’s include:
* Uveitis
* Arthritis
* Erythema nodosum
* Pyoderma gangrenosum

37
Q

(Crohn’s/UC) is associated with perianal disease, gallstones, nephrolithiasis, increased risk for colorectal cancer

A

Crohn’s is associated with perianal disease, gallstones, nephrolithiasis, increased risk for colorectal cancer
* Prone to calcium oxalate stones because calcium binds to fat that is not being properly absorbed

38
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with _ and _ on histology

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with lymphoid aggregates and noncaseating granulomas on histology

39
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with _ sign on X-ray

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with string sign on X-ray (ileum)

40
Q

_ is associated with knife-like fissures, creeping fat, and cobblestone mucosa

A

Crohn’s disease is associated with knife-like fissures, creeping fat, and cobblestone mucosa

41
Q

Management for Crohn’s disease may include:

A

Management for Crohn’s disease may include:
* Corticosteroids, TNF-a inhibitors (infiximab)
* 5-ASA (mesalamine, sulfasalazine)
* Immunosuppressors (6-mercaptopurine)
* Colectomy, ileectomy

GI (13 decks)

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