IBX - CPI Sec. 4 to 6 Flashcards
IndiaBIX - Chemical Process (Sections 4 to 6) (150 cards)
1
Q
Starting material for the production of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is
ethyl alcohol
ethylene
both (a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
A
both (a) & (b)
2
Q
Which one of the following is not an elastomer?
Polyisoperene
Neoprene
Nitrile-butadiene
None of these
A
None of these
3
Q
Which of the following processes can remove both temporary as well as permanent hardness of water?
Filtration
Boiling
Distillation
None of these
A
Distillation
4
Q
Dacron is a
condensation product of hexam-ethylene diamine and adipic acid.
thermosetting material.
condensation product of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol.
none of these.
A
none of these.
5
Q
Rancidity of the fatty oil can be reduced by its
decoloration
hydrogenation
oxidation
purification
A
hydrogenation
6
Q
Platinum catalyst used in the earlier days of sulphuric acid manufacture by contact process suffers from the drawback like
high cost
fragile nature
easy poisoning tendency
all (a), (b) and (c)
A
all (a), (b) and (c)
7
Q
__________ of rubber decreases after its vulcanisation.
Resistance to the action of organic solvent
Tackiness
Maximum service temperature
Tensile strength
A
Tackiness
8
Q
Boiling of water containing temporary hardness produces
CO2
CaSO4
CaHCO3
none of these
A
CO2
9
Q
Starting material for the commercial production of ethyl alcohol in India is
rice
molasses
fruit of Mahua tree
maize
A
molasses
10
Q
Phenol formaldehyde
employs addition polymerisation.
employs condensation polymerisation.
is a monomer.
is an abrasive material.
A
employs condensation polymerisation.
11
Q
Which of the following is not an insecticide?
Hydrocyanic acid
Nicotine
Sodium flouride
Hexane
A
Hexane
12
Q
Shrinkage volume in cement setting does not depend upon the
sand to cement ratio.
water to cement ratio.
ambient temperature fluctuation.
drying period.
A
sand to cement ratio.
13
Q
Bisphenol A is produced by the condensation of acetone with
formaldehyde
ethyl alcohol
diethyl ether
phenol
A
phenol
14
Q
In Kraft process of paper manufacture, white cooking liquor consists of caustic soda
sodium sulphide & sodium carbonate.
sodium sulphite & sodium carbonate.
sodium sulphite & sodium sulphide.
none of these.
A
sodium sulphide & sodium carbonate.
15
Q
Presence of carbonaceous matter in the sewage
causes reduction in its dissolved oxygen content thereby endangering the life of aquatic creatures.
reduces sulphate ions to sulphides causing obnoxious smell.
increases the quantity of chlorine used for its purification.
all (a), (b) and (c).
A
all (a), (b) and (c).
16
Q
A mineral is termed as ‘ore’, if
a metal can be economically extracted from it.
it contains ≥ 40% metal.
the metal present in it is costly.
all (a), (b) and (c).
A
a metal can be economically extracted from it.
17
Q
In the manufacture of H2SO4, vanadium catalyst as compared to platinum catalyst
gives higher conversion efficiency.
has a longer life and is not poisoned by arsenic.
handles lower SO2 content gas (7 -10% SO2), thus increasing the capital cost of the plant.
all (a), (b) and (c).
A
all (a), (b) and (c).
18
Q
At a given temperature, the equilibrium yield of SO3 obtained from the oxidation of SO2 is proportional to (where, P = pressure of the system)
P
sqrt(P)
P2
1/P
A
sqrt(P)
19
Q
Oleum produces fumes of
SO2
H2SO4
SO3
SO2 + H2SO4
A
SO3
20
Q
20% oleum means that in 100 kg oleum, there are 20 kg of
SO3 and 80kg of H2SO4.
H2SO4 and 80kg of SO3.
SO3 for each 100 kg of H2SO4.
none of these.
A
SO3 and 80kg of H2SO4.
21
Q
Chloramines are used in water treatment for
disinfection and control of taste & odour.
corrosion control.
removing turbidity.
control of bacteria.
A
disinfection and control of taste & odour.
22
Q
Glycerine is recovered from lye by
evaporation followed by vacuum distillation.
liquid extraction technique.
extractive distillation technique.
none of these.
A
evaporation followed by vacuum distillation.
23
Q
Inversion of sucrose produces
fructose
glucose
both (a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
A
glucose
24
Q
Enzymes are organic catalysts used in the __________ reactions.
chemical
biochemical
photochemical
electrochemical
A
biochemical
25
Linde process of gas liquefaction employs
exchange of heat with colder stream.
adiabatic expansion through a throttle valve (Joule-Thomson expansion).
adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine.
merely compressing the gas beyond its critical pressure.
adiabatic expansion through a throttle valve (Joule-Thomson expansion).
26
Cellulose content of bamboo and ideal fibrous raw material for the manufacture of paper is __________ percent.
10
50
80
95
50
27
Ore concentration by froth floatation utilises the __________ of ore particles.
density difference
wetting characteristics
terminal velocities
none of these
wetting characteristics
28
The main use of activated carbon in water treatment is to control
bacterial growth
taste and odour
turbidity
none of these
taste and odour
29
The most commonly used substance to speed up the sedimentation of sewage is
lime
sulphuric acid
chlorine
sodium bisulphite
lime
30
Sucrose is a
monosacchride
disacchride
polysacchride
none of these
disacchride
31
Sugar content in sugarcane on cane basis is about __________ percent by weight.
1 to 5
5 to 10
15 to 20
20 to 30
5 to 10
32
Pick out the wrong statement.
Wine, rum & Vodka are prepared by the formulation of fruit juice, sugar beet & rye respectively.
Protein catalysts are called enzymes.
The rate of chemical reaction is independent of the concentration of reactants at high concentration of enzymes.
Total sugar content in molasses is about 10%.
Total sugar content in molasses is about 10%.
33
The major use of butadiene is
as a plasticiser for unsaturated polyester.
in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.
as an anti-skinning agent in paint.
none of these.
in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.
34
The manufacture of Kraft pulp is done by a/an __________ process.
alkaline
acidic
neutral
none of these
alkaline
35
Antibiotic
inhibits/destroys the growth of microorganisms.
is used as a pain reliever.
is an antimalarial.
is an anaesthetic.
inhibits/destroys the growth of microorganisms.
36
Which of the following paper does not require a filler during manufacture ?
Bond paper
Writing paper
Blotting paper
Coloured paper
Blotting paper
37
Industrial production of chloroform requires acetone and
phosgene
calcium hypochlorite
chlorine
ammonium chloride
calcium hypochlorite
38
Pencillin, an antibiotic drug was discovered by
Alexender
Flaming
Dr. Zivago
none of these
Alexender
39
Styrene (a monomer for the production of polystyrene) is commercially produced by
catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.
dehydration of ethyl alcohol followed by hydrogenation.
reacting ethylene oxide with acetal-dehyde.
fermentation of starch.
catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.
40
Hydrogenation of oil takes place in a/an __________ reactor.
autothermal
trickle bed
plug flow
none of these
trickle bed
41
Fatty material used in soap making is
fatty acid
fatty alcohols
tallow
detergents
tallow
42
__________ glass is used for the manufacture of optical glass.
Pyrex
Soda
Flint
Crooke's
Flint
43
Thermosetting plastic materials
can be repeatedly melted.
is useful for melt casting.
can not be melted after forming.
is useful for spinning.
can not be melted after forming.
44
Favourable conditions for the liquefaction of gases in general are
high pressure & low temperature.
low pressure & high temperature.
high pressure & high temperature.
low pressure & low temperature.
high pressure & low temperature.
45
In the manufacture of sulphuric acid from elemental sulphur, the following sequence of major operations is followed :
furnace → converter → absorber
furnace → evaporator → absorber
furnace → converter → evaporator
converter → furnace → absorber
furnace → converter → absorber
46
__________ nature of hypo (sodium thiosulphate) makes it useful in photography.
Oxidising
Reducing
Complex forming
Photochemical
Complex forming
47
__________ is an ore of lead.
Quartz
Galena
Siderite
Chalcopyrite
Galena
48
Which of the following is an yellow pigment?
Titanium dioxide
Ferrous sulphate
Lead chromates
Zinc sulphides
Lead chromates
49
Catalytic oxidation of toluene produces
styrene
phenol
benzene
tri-nitro-toluene
phenol
50
SO2 is bubbled through hot sugar cane juice to
act as an acidifying agent.
increase its concentration.
increase the amount of molasses.
increase the crystal size.
act as an acidifying agent.
51
The noble gas which occurs most abundantly in the atmosphere is
helium
neon
krypton
argon
argon
52
Production of alcohol by fermentation of molasses is an __________ process.
anaerobic
aerobic
endothermic
both(b) and (c)
aerobic
53
Main constituents of portland cement are calcium aluminate and
gypsum
silicates
sodium silicate
carbonates
silicates
54
Pick out the wrong statement.
High early strength cement are made from materials having high silica to lime ratio.
The function of gypsum in cement is to enhance its initial setting rate.
Acid resistant cements are known as silicate cement.
Major component of greyish portland cement is tricalcium silicate.
High early strength cement are made from materials having high silica to lime ratio.
55
Common salt is generally not produced commonly by __________ method from brine.
freeze drying
electrolytic
solar evaporation
vacuum evaporation
freeze drying
56
Which of the following is a detergent?
Fatty alcohol
Alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS)
Fatty acids
Methylene chloride
Alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS)
57
Sulphuric acid is mainly used in the __________ industry.
fertiliser
steel
paper
paint
fertiliser
58
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to nitric acid.
About 90% of nitric acid is manufactured by Ostwald's process.
It is a strong mono basic acid which reacts with almost all the metals except noble metals.
Yellow color of impure nitric acid is because of dissolved oxides of nitrogen (mainly NO2).
Arc process of nitric acid manufacture is economical as compared to Ostwald's process.
Arc process of nitric acid manufacture is economical as compared to Ostwald's process.
59
Alcohol percentage in molasses may be around
10
40
70
85
40
60
Main use of hydrazine is
as a rocket fuel
in water treatment
as a disinfectant
as fire retardant
as a rocket fuel
61
Main use of liquid nitrogen is in
rocket propulsion.
making gun powder.
detergent manufacture.
refrigerative cooling.
refrigerative cooling.
62
Comparing sulphate process with sulphite process, we find that __________ in the latter.
both temperature & pressure in the former is less than that
both temperature & pressure in the former is more than that
temperature is more in the former whereas pressure is more
pressure is more in the former whereas temperature is less
both temperature & pressure in the former is more than that
63
Which of the following is a disacchride?
Sucrose
Glucose
Starch
Maltose
Sucrose
64
Proximate analysis of coal determines its __________ content.
moisture, ash, sulphur & volatile matter
moisture & volatile matter
moisture, sulphur, nitrogen & fixed carbon
none of these
moisture & volatile matter
65
Pick out the exothermic reaction out of the following:
C + H2O = CO + H2
CaC2 + H2O = Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
MgCO3 = MgO + CO2
all (a), (b) and (c)
CaC2 + H2O = Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
66
__________ is produced using polycondensation reaction.
Polythene
Phenol formaldehyde
Poly vinyl chloride
none of these
Phenol formaldehyde
67
Raw materials required for the manufacture of __________ is acetylene and hydrochloric acid.
phthalic anhydride
vinyl chloride
maleic anhydride
dacron
vinyl chloride
68
In industrial nomenclature, alcohol means
butyl alcohol
propyl alcohol
ethanol
methyl alcohol
ethanol
69
Which of the following is the purest form of water out of the following?
Underground water
Rain water
Well water
Lake water
Rain water
70
Use of water having dissolved oxygen in boilers promotes
corrosion
sequestration
scale formation
none of these
corrosion
71
Unsaturated oils compared to saturated oils have
lower melting point & higher reactivity to oxygen.
higher melting point & higher reactivity to oxygen.
lower melting point & lower reactivity to oxygen.
higher melting point & lower reactivity to oxygen
lower melting point & higher reactivity to oxygen.
72
With increase in temperature, the equilibrium constant at constant pressure (Kp) for oxidation of sulphur dioxide
increases
increases linearly
decreases
decreases linearly
decreases
73
Chemical formula of oleum is
H2SO3
H2SO4
H2S2O7
H2SO7
H2S2O7
74
Electrodeposition of metals i.e. electroplating is never done on
metals
alloys
refractories
non-metals
refractories
75
Hollander beater used during paper pulp manufacture does not facilitate the __________ of fibre.
cutting
fibrillation
hydration
strengthening
strengthening
76
The biochemical treatment applied to sewage effluents is a process of
dehydration
reduction
oxidation
polymerisation
oxidation
77
Ultimate analysis of coal determines its __________ content.
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen & sulphur
carbon, ash, sulphur & nitrogen
carbon, sulphur, volatile matter & ash
carbon, volatile matter, ash & moisture
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen & sulphur
78
A cane sugar factory having sugar production rate of 10 tons/day will produce about __________ tons/day of bagasse (after consumption by the factory for heating etc.).
1
10
25
40
10
79
Sucrose content in cane sugar may be around __________ percent.
50
70
80
95
95
80
'Hollander beater' machine used in the paper manufacturing plant does not accomplish the task of
final rolling out of paper.
cutting of fibres.
hydration of fibres.
fibrillation of fibre.
final rolling out of paper.
81
Yellow glycerine is made into white, using
activated carbon
diatomaceous earth
bauxite
bentonite
activated carbon
82
Very dilute solutions are generally used in fermentation reactions for which the optimum temperature range is __________ °C.
-5 to 0
5 to 10
30 to 50
75 to 80
30 to 50
83
Brackish water which contains mostly dissolved salt, can be purified by the __________ process.
reverse osmosis
sand filter
lime soda
permutit
reverse osmosis
84
Major component of flint glass is
lead oxide
silica
alumina
soda
lead oxide
85
Gypsum is chemically
calcium chloride
potassium sulphate
sodium sulphate
calcium sulphate
calcium sulphate
86
Calcination of gypsum produces
plaster of paris
salt cake
nitre cake
lime
plaster of paris
87
Phthalic anhydride is produced by the oxidation of
naphthalene
benzene
toluene
aniline
benzene
88
Superior quality laboratory apparatus is made of the __________ glass having low thermal co-efficient of expansion & high chemical resistance.
flint
soda
pyrex
potash
pyrex
89
Zeigler process
produces high density polyethylene.
produces low density polyethylene.
uses no catalyst.
employs very high pressure.
produces high density polyethylene.
90
Massecuite is
used for paper making.
used as a cattle feed.
highly acidic in nature.
none of these.
none of these.
91
Carbon content of pitch (residue of coal tar distillation) is around __________ percent.
70
55
80
94
94
92
Sodium salt of higher molecular weight fatty acid is termed as the __________ soap.
hard
soft
metallic
lubricating
soft
93
Synthetic glycerine is produced from
toluene
phenol
propylene
naphthalene
propylene
94
A 'unit process' is exemplified by the
distillation
hydrogenation of oils
absorption
humidification
hydrogenation of oils
95
Commercial scale production of hydrogen from iron-steam reaction represented by, 3Fe + 3H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2, is not practised, as it is
a slow reaction.
a discontinuous reaction (requiring regeneration of iron by water gas intermittently).
still in development stage (by employing fluidised bed technique).
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
96
Viscosity index improver (like polystrene or polyisobutylene) is added to lubricant to
reduce its viscosity.
increase its viscosity.
reduce the variation in its viscosity with temperature.
increase the variation in its viscosity with temperature.
reduce the variation in its viscosity with temperature.
97
Pick out the wrong statement
pertaining to solvent extraction of oil. Rate of extraction __________.
decreases with decrease of thickness of the flakes.
increases with the increasing flake size keeping the flake thickness constant.
increases Considerably with the rise of temperature.
decreases as the moisture content of flakes increases.
decreases as the moisture content of flakes increases.
98
Sea weeds are an important source of
fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
iodine
99
Polythene is a/an __________ polymerisation product.
addition
condensation
thermosetting
none of these
addition
100
Catalytic oxidation-dehydrogenation of methyl alcohol produces
formaldehyde
phenol
acetone
maleic anhydride
formaldehyde
101
In multistage equilibrium conversion of SO2 to SO3 (2SO2 + O2 2SO3), the reverse reaction becomes appreciable at a temperature of 550° C. The percentage equilibrium conversion of SO2 to SO3 can be increased by
increasing the oxygen concentration.
putting more quantity of V2O5 catalyst in the converter.
removing some quantity of SO3 during intermediate stage.
maintaining low temperature & pressure in the converter.
removing some quantity of SO3 during intermediate stage.
102
Tall oil obtained as a by-product from the black liquor recovery is
a black, sticky & viscous liquid.
used in the manufacture of greases, emulsions & soaps.
composed mainly of rosin & fatty acids.
all (a), (b) & (c).
all (a), (b) & (c).
103
__________ is a polysacchride.
Maltose
Starch
Sucrose
Glucose
Starch
104
Styrene is produced from ethyl benzene by the process of
dehydrogenation
oxidation
alkylation
dehydration
dehydrogenation
105
Acetone is produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of
phenol
naphthalene
isopropanol
ethyl benzene
isopropanol
106
Nitrogen is an essential component of
mineral salts
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
proteins
107
Bromine content in sea water may be around __________ ppm.
70
640
1875
2500
70
108
Argon is the third largest constituent of air (followed by N2 & O2). Its percentage by volume in air is
0.14
0.34
0.94
1.4
0.94
109
Poly tetraflouro ethylene (P.T.F.E.) is known as
bakelite
teflon
celluloid
decron
teflon
110
Bakelite is
same as poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
an inorganic polymer.
same as thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde.
not a polymer.
same as thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde.
111
__________ is produced by the dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.
Styrene
Ethyl alcohol
Cumene
Phenol
Styrene
112
Which of the following is used as a coagulant in water treatment?
Chloramine
Chlorine
Ferrous sulphate
Hydrogen peroxide
Ferrous sulphate
113
__________ paper is used in the manufacture of newsprint paper.
Groundwood
Board
Tissue
Wrapping
Groundwood
114
Hydrodenation of vegetable oils is a/an __________ reaction.
endothermic
autocatalytic
exothermic
homogenous
exothermic
115
Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium & magnesium
bi-carbonates
sulphates & chlorides
carbonate
none of these
sulphates & chlorides
116
Concentration of sulphide ores is done usually by
roasting
smelting
froth floatation
electro magnetic separation
froth floatation
117
Dacron is a/an
polyester
unsaturated polyster
polyamide
inorganic polymer
polyester
118
Sodium carbonate (soda ash) is not used in the manufacture of
fire extinguishers
sugar
baking powder
detergents
detergents
119
Viscose rayon
cannot be made from sulphite pulp.
utilises H2SO4, NaOH and CS2 during its manufacture.
cannot yield textile grade fibre.
none of these.
utilises H2SO4, NaOH and CS2 during its manufacture.
120
Nylon 6-6 is manufactured from
hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid.
hexamethylene diamine and maleic anhydride.
caprolactum.
dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol.
hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid.
121
Glauber's salt is chemically represented by
Na2SO4.10H2O
CaCl(OCl)
CaSO4.H2O
(NH4)2SO4
Na2SO4⋅10H2O
122
Chemical name of Grignard reagent is
sodium thiosulphate.
ethyl magnesium chloride.
sodium sulphite.
sodium bicarbonate.
ethyl magnesium chloride.
123
Which of the following processes is absent in glass manufacturing process?
Sintering
Annealing
Shaping or forming
Melting
Sintering
124
Production of one ton of dry paper pulp requires about __________ tons of bamboo or wood.
1
2.5
5
10
2.5
125
Dacron (or terylene) fibres as compared to nylon'fibres have
better heat & acid resistant properties.
poorer resistance to alkalis.
poorer dyeability.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
126
Grignard reagent is chemically known as
ethyl magnesium chloride.
methyl magnesium chloride.
dichlorophenol.
monochloro acetic acid.
ethyl magnesium chloride.
127
The function of gypsum addition during cement making is to
increase the density of cement.
decrease the cement setting rate.
both (a) and (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
decrease the cement setting rate.
128
Low purity oxygen is used for
L.D. steel making.
cutting and welding of metals.
medicinal purposes.
chemical oxidation processes.
chemical oxidation processes.
129
__________ is produced using molasses as the starting raw material.
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Benzol
Dimethyl ether
Ethyl alcohol
130
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the properties of glasses. Glasses generally have
high electrical insulation properties.
sharp melting points.
low co-efficient of thermal expansion.
compressive strength much greater than their tensile strengths.
sharp melting points.
131
A substance produced by a living organism and capable of anti-microbial activity is called a/an
antibiotic
antiseptic
disinfectant
none of these
antibiotic
132
Deaeration of water in its treatment is necessary, as it
minimises its turbidity.
helps in controlling its taste and odour.
minimises its corrosiveness.
none of these.
minimises its corrosiveness.
133
Hydrochloric acid is also known as
oil of vitriol
muriatic acid
strong organic acid
green acid
muriatic acid
134
Aryl benzene sulphonate (ABS) is a
detergent.
plasticiser for unsaturated polyester.
starting material for the synthesis of glycerine.
coating ingredient for photographic film.
detergent.
135
Adipic acid is an intermediate in the manufacture of
perspex
nylon-66
polystyrene
bakelite
nylon-66
136
The temperature in the calcium carbide furnace is __________ °C.
200-300
700-850
2000-2200
4000-4500
2000-2200
137
Vinyl chloride (CH2 = CH.Cl) is produced by the thermal pyrolysis of ethylene dichloride at a pressure & temperature of
4 kgf/cm2 & 500°C.
10 kgf/cm2 & 1000°C.
40 kg/cm2 & 200°C.
100 kgi/cm2 & 500°C.
4 kgf/cm2 & 500°C.
138
Soaps remove dirt by
increasing the surface tension.
decreasing wettability.
supplying hydrophyllic group.
none of these.
none of these.
139
Which of the following additives/water proofing agents is added to lower the hydrophilic (moisture loving) characteristic of cement?
Xanthates
Stearic acid
Calcium & aluminium stearate
Formic acid
Calcium & aluminium stearate
140
Chemical name of soda ash is
sodium bicarbonate
sodium thiosulphate
potassium carbonate
none of these
none of these
141
Out of the following processes of paper pulp manufacture, the maximum corrosion problem in digestion & handling equipments is encountered in the __________ process.
mechanical
sulphate/kraft
sulphite
neutral sulphite semi-chemical
neutral sulphite semi-chemical
142
__________ is used as a flux in the extraction of iron from iron ore (hametite) in blast furnace.
Bauxite
Limestone
Quartz
Manganese
Limestone
143
Gun powder uses
sulphur
charcoal
potassium nitrate
all (a), (b), & (c)
all (a), (b), & (c)
144
Dichloro diphenyl __________ is the full form of DDT (an insecticide).
tetrachloroethane
trichloroethane
tetrachloromethane
trichloromethane
trichloroethane
145
The basic difference between vegetable oils and fats is in their
density
chemical properties
physical state
composition
physical state
146
Which of the following is not a food additive?
Citric acid
Invertage
Benzoyl peroxide
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
147
Alum is commercially produced from
gypsum
feldspar
galena
bauxite
bauxite
148
CaO is called
quick lime
slaked lime
limestone
calcite
quick lime
149
Starting raw material for the manufacture of maleic anhydride is
n-butene
benzene
either (a) or (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
either (a) or (b)
150
Pick out the wrong statement.
Fibrillation of fibre during paper manufacture is done to develop the strength in paper.
Alkali consumption in digestion/cooking of bamboo is measured in terms of permangnate number.
Bagasse fibre contains both lignin & cellulose.
Presence of sodium sulphate in pulp makes the pulp bleachability poor.
Presence of sodium sulphate in pulp makes the pulp bleachability poor.
