IC10 MSK inflammation

Question 1

What are the 2 functions of the skeleton in our body?

Answer 1

1. Main storage system for calcium & phosphorus
2. Provides support, form, stability and aids movement

Question 2

What are the 2 types of bone marrow present in our body?

Answer 2

1. Red bone marrow - haematopoiesis
2. Yellow bone marrow - fatty connection tissue used in times of starvation

Question 3

What is a tendon?

Answer 3

A tendon is - a tough flexible band made of fibrous connective tissue, which connects muscle to bone

Question 4

What is a ligament?

Answer 4

A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, forming a joint.

Ligament helps to limit joint dislocation & restrict improper hyperextension & hyperflexion

Question 5

What is a bursae?

Answer 5

Bursae is an important lubricated fluid-filled thin sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue, bones and tendons, and/or muscles around joints.

Bursae acts as a cushion.

Question 6

When an injury occurs (e.g sprained ankle), what are the 3 responses by the body?

Answer 6

1. Pain
2. Inflammation
3. Swelling

Question 7

When an injury occurs at different organs, different organs secrete different chemicals.

However, there is one common chemical that is secreted by all organs. What is that one common chemical?

Answer 7

IL-1

Question 8

How long does it take for neutrophil to enter the tissue injury site?

Answer 8

Hours

Question 9

How long does it take for monocytes and macrophages to enter the tissue injury site?

Answer 9

1-3 days

Question 10

How long does it take for T cells to enter the tissue injury site?

Answer 10

1-2 weeks

Question 11

What are the agents to treat pain, inflammation, swelling?

Answer 11

NSAIDs, Steroids

NSAIDs - inhibit COX
Steroids - inhibit inflammatory responses

Question 12

What is arthritis?

Answer 12

Arthritis is the swelling & tenderness of one or more joints.

Arthritis is accompanied w inflammation, joint pain & stiffness, worsening w age.

Question 13

What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 13

Osteoarthritis - caused by wear and tear
Rheumatoid arthritis - caused by autoimmune disease

Question 14

What are the 4 factors we look at to diagnose a patient with RA?

Answer 14

1. High C-reactive protein
2. Rheumatoid factor
3. Anti-CCP antibodies
4. Joint inflammation

Question 15

What is gouty arthritis?

Answer 15

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that causes pain & swelling in your joints (especially the big toe).

Question 16

What is the process that leads to gout?

Answer 16

The presence of high urate levels in the body can lead to formation of crystals in the joints. This results in inflammation and arthritis of the joint.

Question 17

What anti-inflammatory factor is produced by innate immune cells in the presence of urate acid crystals at the joints?

Answer 17

IL-1

Binding of IL-1 to receptors trigger an inflammation cascade.

Question 18

What are some risk factor of osteoporosis?

Answer 18

1. Female
2. Ageing
3. Low level of physical activity
4. Chronic heavy drinking

Question 19

What are the functions of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts?

Answer 19

Osteoblast - cells that synthesize bone
Osteocytes - cells that become calcified bone
Osteoclast - cells that cause bone resorption

Question 20

What are some common drugs that are contraindicated in pt w osteoporosis?

Answer 20

1. Steroids
2. PPI
3. SSRIs