IC2 Nervous System Part 1

Question 1

What are the 2 division in the PNS?

Answer 1

Afferent & efferent division

Question 2

What are the roles of the afferent and efferent division?

Answer 2

Afferent division sends signals to the CNS

Efferent division sends signals away from the CNS, to the effector cells

Question 3

What are the 2 types of electrical signals generated by neurons?

Answer 3

1. Action potential (AP)
2. Resting membrane potential (RMP)

Question 4

This image in this link shows an action potential on a graph:

https://o.quizlet.com/PtWXEjDGeRvtl.mK0QfEvQ.png

What happens during the upstroke AP & downstroke AP?

Answer 4

Upstroke AP - Voltage gated Na channel opens

Downstroke AP - Voltage gated Na channel closes & voltage gated K+ channel opens

Question 5

What is the process of generation of a signal?

Answer 5

When an external stimulus occurs (e.g touch of the arm), the nerve receptors on the skin transduces the external stimuli into an electrical charge.

The electrical charge depolarizes, generating an action potential.

The action potential is then relayed to the CNS, leading to sensation.

Question 6

What conditions can affect signal generation?

Answer 6

1. Hypokalaemia
   - In hypokalaemia, RMP can be altered.
2. Seizure
   - In seizures, neurons are hyperexcitable. This means that there is an altered balance between excitation & inhibition

Question 7

What are the 5 functions of the cortex?

Answer 7

1. Sensation & perception
2. Voluntary control of movement
3. Personality traits
4. Learning & memory
5. Language

Question 8

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex - mainly subgenual ACC?

Answer 8

Plays an important role in sadness & loss of interest (depression).

Question 9

What is the role of the hippocampus?

Answer 9

It is involved in memory. It helps us to recall things.

Question 10

What is the role of the amygdala?

Answer 10

It is involved in emotions and emotional memory.