iClickers

Question 1

A female mosquito feeds on the blood of multiple individuals to mature their eggs.
Using the functional definition of consumers, what type of consumer would mosquitos represent?

A. True predator
B. Grazer
C. Parasite
D. Parasitoid

Answer 1

B. Grazer

Grazers feed on many individuals and are very rarely lethal. Mosquitos jump between many food sources and do not kill them.

Question 2

Think of a weevil larvae feeding on the seed of a plant. In the process of feeding and developing in the individual seed, the seed is killed.
Using the functional definition of consumers, what type of consumer does the weevil represent?

A. True predator
B. Grazer
C. Parasite
D. Parasitoid

Answer 2

D. Parasitoid

Parasitoids only have one host and they tend to be lethal to that host. The weevil fits this because they stay in one seed and eventually kill it.

Question 3

Individuals of plant species that experience unpredictable, but sometimes intense, herbivory are predicted to invest in what type of chemical anti-herbivory defense (toxins)?

A. Constitutive
B. Chronic
C. Inducible
D. Acute

Answer 3

C. Inducible

Question 4

The chemical defenses used by the bombadier beetle is an example of:

A. Primary defense
B. Constitutive defense
C. Secondary defense
D. Chronic defense

Answer 4

C. Secondary defense

Defense is employed after the predator makes contact (secondary).
Not always “on” –> Not constituative.

Question 5

In general, what would you predict in terms of the relative abundance of models (toxic) and mimics (palatable) in Batesian mimicry complexes?

A. Batesian mimics are equally abundant as their models.
B. Batesian mimics are rarer than their models.
C. Batesian mimics are more common than their models.

Answer 5

B. Batesian mimics are rarer than their models.

Predators will learn to avoid them faster when there are more toxic models present.

Question 6

Keeping ‘r’ at 0.4 and ‘c’ at 0.1, which of the following values of N (prey) and P (predators) would result in a decline in the prey population?

A. N = 40, P = 1
B. N = 40, P = 4
C. N = 20, P = 4
D. N = 60, P = 4
E. N = 40, P = 6

Answer 6

E. N = 40, P = 6

dN/dt = 0.4(40) - 0.1(60)(6) = -8
If the answer was found for all options, option E is the only one with a negative value, indicating population decline.

Question 7

Keeping ‘a’ at 0.2, ‘c’ at 0.1, and ‘m’ at 0.1, what is the number of prey in the population that will keep the predator population at its equilibrium (or zero growth rate) isocline?

A. N > P
B. N < P
C. N = 4
D. N = 5
E. N = 6

Answer 7

D. N = 5

Question 8

‘a’ = 0.2, ‘c’ = 0.1, and ‘m’ = 0.1, how many prey must a predator catch to produce one offspring?

A. 1/10th
B. 1/5th
C. 5
D. 10

Answer 8

C. 5 prey

Question 9

Lyme disease is caused by bacteria that replicate in their hosts and their vectors. Lyme disease is:

A. A single cycle disease, pathogen is biologically transferred
B. A zoonotic disease, pathogen is mechanically transferred
C. A single cycle disease, pathogen is mechanically transferred
D. A zoonotic disease, pathogen is biologically transferred

Answer 9

D. A zoonotic disease, pathogen is biologically transferred

Lyme disease can bet transferred between animal vectors and humans.
Since the bacteria replicates in the hosts and vectors, it is biologically transferred.
Mechanical transfer is when a pathogen is moved from one place to another without replication.