ict #2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
are small, self-contained computing devices designed to perform specific tasks in embedded systems. Their importance lies in their ability to automate processes, reduce hardware complexity, and enhance efficiency across various applications.
Microcontrollers (MCUs)
There are huge number of applications of Microcontrollers. In fact, the entire embedded systems industry is dependent on Microcontrollers.
The following are few applications of Microcontrollers.
Front Panel Controls in devices like Oven, washing Machine etc.
Function Generators
Smoke and Fire Alarms
Home Automation Systems
Automatic Headlamp ON in Cars
Speed Sensed Door Locking System
Many robots use microcontrollers to allow robots to interact with the real world.
Microcontrollers automate tasks in industries, homes, and vehicles, reducing the need for manual operations.
- Automation and Control
🔹 Examples of Automation and Control
• Washing machines use MCUs to control water levels, motor speed, and timers.
• Air conditioners adjust temperature settings based on sensors.
Microcontrollers integrate a CPU, memory, and I/O ports on a single chip, making them affordable and power-efficient.
Cost-effective and Energy-Efficient
🔹 Examples of Cost-effective and Energy-Efficient
• Battery-powered devices like smart watches and fitness trackers.
• IoT devices that run on low power for long durations.
MCUs are small in size but powerful enough for various applications, from simple automation to complex robotics.
Compact and Versatile
🔹 Examples of Compact and Versatile
• Wearable medical devices (e.g., heart rate monitors).
• Smart home gadgets (e.g., automatic door locks, smart bulbs).
Microcontrollers can process inputs and respond instantly, making them ideal for real-time applications.
- Real-Time Processing
🔹 Examples of Real-Time Processing
• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) in cars.
• Flight control systems in drones.
Microcontrollers’ power embedded systems, which are specialized computing devices within larger systems.
Wide Applications in Embedded Systems
🔹 Examples of Wide Applications in Embedded Systems
• Medical devices (pacemakers, glucose monitors).
• Industrial automation (robotic arms, conveyor belts).
• Consumer electronics (microwaves, TVs, digital cameras).
MCUs facilitate wireless communication through protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and LoRa.
Communication and Connectivity
🔹 Examples of Communication and Connectivity
• IoT smart homes (automated lighting, security cameras).
• Wireless sensor networks in agriculture.
Microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP32 make learning electronics and programming accessible.
Educational and DIY Projects
🔹 Examples of Educational and DIY Projects
• STEM education and robotics competitions.
• DIY projects like home automation and weather stations.
Microcontrollers are the
backbone of modern automation and embedded systems. They offer cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and flexibility, making them essential in industries like automotive, healthcare, consumer electronics, and IoT.
is the core of the microcontroller and is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It is typically a low-power, low-speed processor optimized for embedded systems.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A microcontroller has two types of memory: program memory and data memory. The program memory, also known as flash memory, holds the code that the microcontroller executes. Data memory, also known as RAM, holds variables and data that the microcontroller uses during operation.
Memory
also known as flash memory, holds the code that the microcontroller executes.
Program memory
also known as RAM, holds variables and data that the microcontroller uses during operation.
Data memory,
handles data transfers between peripherals components and the memory.
DMA controller
offers a programmable governing policy that enables software to choose which peripheral or device can interrupt the processor at any given time.
Interrupt Controller
Most controllers have at least one and more Timers / Counters. A timer is a type of clock that is used to measure time intervals. A counter is a device that records the number of times a specific event or process occurred about a clock signal.
Timer / Counter
