ICWS II Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the main classes of inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?
β-lactams, Vancomycin, Phosphomycin, Bacitracin
β-lactams include Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, and Carbapenems.
What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?
Target penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting transpeptidation and transglycosylation, leading to cell lysis.
Which generation of cephalosporins includes Cefepime?
Fourth generation.
What is the first generation cephalosporin that is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis?
Cefazolin.
Fill in the blank: The first generation cephalosporins have good activity against _______ bacteria.
G+.
What is the primary clinical use of ceftriaxone?
Infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
True or False: Second generation cephalosporins have increased activity against G+ bacteria compared to first generation.
False.
Which cephalosporin generation is known for excellent activity against Enterobacteriaceae?
Third generation.
What is a unique feature of fifth generation cephalosporins?
Activity against MRSA.
What is the primary adverse effect associated with imipenem?
Seizures at high levels.
Fill in the blank: Ceftaroline is approved for treatment of _______.
CABP.
What is the role of cilastatin when administering imipenem?
Inhibits renal tubule dihydropeptidases to prevent inactivation.
Which antibiotic class is aztreonam a part of?
Monobactams.
What type of bacteria is aztreonam active against?
Aerobic G- rods.
Fill in the blank: Cefepime is noted for having the broadest coverage of the cephalosporin class including _______.
Pseudomonas.
What is the main difference between meropenem and imipenem?
Meropenem is less likely to cause seizures.
What type of infections are carbapenems generally effective against?
Broad spectrum, including anaerobes, G+, G-, and Pseudomonas.
True or False: There is no cross-sensitivity with aztreonam and other beta-lactams.
True.
What is the clinical use of cefaclor and cefuroxime?
Infections with G- bacteria such as E. coli and Moraxella.
Fill in the blank: The third generation cephalosporins are primarily excreted by the _______.
Kidney.
What is a common side effect of beta-lactam antibiotics?
G.I. symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
