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chemistry > ID and gases > Flashcards

ID and gases Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

ammonia test

A

damp UI / red litmus paper
goes blue

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2
Q

CO2 gas test

A

limewater
goes cloudy

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3
Q

Cl2 gas test

A

damp UI/blue litmus paper
goes red then beaches

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4
Q

CO2 test - equation

A

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2(g) > CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

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5
Q

Cl2 test equations

A

Cl2(g) + H2O(l) > HCl + HOCl

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6
Q

H2 gas test

A

lit splint
squeaky pop

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7
Q

H2 gas equation

A

2H2 + O2 > 2H2O

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8
Q

O2 gas test

A

glowing splint
relights

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9
Q

water vapour test

A

anyhdrous copper sulphate (white)
goes blue

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10
Q

carbonate ions test

A

+acid - effervescence
bubble through limewater - clear>cloudy (proves CO2 made)

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11
Q

carbonate ions - equation

A

2H,+(aq) + CO3,2-(aq) > H2O(l) + CO2(g)

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12
Q

sulphate ions test

A

add acid eg HCl (to remove carbonate ions and wont interfere with BaCl2)
add anything with barium ions in eg BaCl2 - white ppt.

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13
Q

sulphate ions test equation

A

SO4,2-(aq) + Ba,2+(aq) > BaSO4(s)

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14
Q

halide ions test

A

add HNO3 (remove carbonate ions, wont interfere as has nitrate ions in)
add AgNO3
result
- Cl2 - white
- Br2 - creme
- I2 - yellow

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15
Q

halide ions test equation eg Br2

A

Br,-(aq) + Ag,+(aq) > AgBr(s)

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16
Q

flame test method

A
  • dip nichrome wire into HCl(aq) + heat in roaring flame to clean wire
  • dip wire back into HCl and into the test substance so it sticks to wire
  • put wire in the roaring flame and observe the colour
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17
Q

sodium flame colour

A

orange

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18
Q

lithium flame colour

A

crimson

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19
Q

potassium flame colour

A

lilac

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20
Q

calcium flame colour

21
Q

copper flame colour

22
Q

magnesium flame colour

23
Q

copper ion test

Study These Flashcards
A

add NaOH
goes blue

24
Q

iron(II) ion test

Study These Flashcards
A

add NaOH
goes green

25
iron(III) ion test
add NaOH goes red-brown
26
why does iron(II) hydroxide ppt. darken on standing
oxidises in air
27
ammonium ion test
- add sodium hydroxide - heat gently - test gas with damp UI paper(goes blue) as ammonia is evolved
28
ammonium ion test equation
NH4,+(aq) + OH,-(aq) > NH3(g) + H2O(l)
29
pure water test
exact boiling point 100C
30
composition of air
N2 - 78% O2 - 21% other gases - Ar(0.9%) CO2(0.035%) water vapour/noble gases(0.065%)
31
finding % of oxygen in air
- copper + oxygen react - iron fillings rust - add phosphorous
32
finding % of oxygen in air - copper and oxygen react
- 100ml gas passed over excess fine copper pieces (large SA to react + Cu isn't limiting) - heated - as O2 reacts with Cu amount reduces - when no more change in volume stop heat - left to cool (gas un-expands back to normal) - measure volume at end and calculate vol of O2 present and %in air
33
finding % of oxygen in air - iron filing rust
- iron fillings held onto inside of boiling tube with vaseline - put upside down in a water bath - water level rises as vol of gas decreases as it reacts with iron so water takes gases place - water level rises to constant level once all O2 has reacted (use measuring cylinder to measure volume of air at start/end and find % of O2 in air)
34
finding % of oxygen in air - phosphorus
P4 + 5O2 > P4O10 similar to iron as it burns and reacts water level rises phosphorus goes out when all O2 has reacted use % change of volume = % of O2 reacted (%of O2 in air)
35
CO2 uses
- make fizzy drinks - slightly soluble in H2O to form carbonic acid - fire extinguisher - denser than air - smothers O2 - dry ice - packaging to stop oxidation - inert
36
make CO2
react carbonates + acid - CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) > CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) - speed up - heat, mix, smaller pieces of reactant, higher concentration of HCl thermal decomposition of metal carbonate - heat copper carbonate - green>black
37
CO2 as a greenhouse gas
can absorb infrared radiation radiated from Earth increased CO2 traps more heat (leading to global warming)
38
thermal decomposition to copper carbonate
CuCO3(s)>(heat)> CuO(s) +CO2(g) - green > black
39
CO2 - pollutant
formed - respiration - combustion of fossil fuels - organic decomposition greenhouse gas - more CO2 leads to global warming solution - reduce CO2 in sky - plant trees - conserve forests(remove CO2 by photosynthesis) - capture CO2 from plants/factories
40
CO - pollutant
formed - incomplete combustion of fossil fuels TOXIC - combines with haemoglobin so blood carries less O2 solutions - clean heating systems (prevent soot build up) -ensure complete combustion - CO detector
41
Sulphur dioxide - pollutant
formed - burning fossil fuels (coal) acid rain - kills plants/ acidifies lakes - weathers limestone/ erodes building solutions - wash coal to remove sulphur before burning - use less sulphur coals - scrubbers remove SO2
42
nitrogen oxides - pollutant
formed - combustion - when fossil fuels burn - oxidations of N2 in engines - lung disease (asthma) - acid rain - harm vegitation - photochemical smog solutions - use less nitrogen fertiliser - use low nitrogen burners - catalytic converters
43
burning metals
form basic oxides turn UI blue
44
burning non-metals
form acidic oxides
45
1dm^3 to cm^3
1000cm^3
46
molar gas volume at room temp and atmospheric pressure
24 dm^3/mol
47
moles (gases)
n = volume (dm^3)/ 24
48
moles solids
n = mass(g) / Mr
49
moles (solutions)
n = volume (dm^3) X concentration (moldm^-3)

chemistry (17 decks)

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