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ID1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the common resistant pathogens

A

Kill Each And Every Strong Pathogen
Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL, CRE)
E coli (ESBL, CRE)
Acinetobacter
Enterococcus (VRE)
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Pseudomonas

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2
Q

which antibiotics are the cell wall inhibitors

A

beta lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
monobactams
vancomycin, telavancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin

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3
Q

which antibiotics are the protein synthesis inhibitors

A

aminoglycosides
macrolides
tetracyclines
clindamycin
linezolid, tedizolid

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4
Q

which antibiotics are the cell membrane inhibitors

A

polymyxins
daptomycin
telavancin
oritavancin

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5
Q

which antibiotics are the DNA/RNA inhibitors

A

quinolones
metronidazole, tinidazole
rifampin

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6
Q

which antibiotics are hydrophilic

A

beta lactams
aminoglycosides
vancomycin
daptomycin
polymyxins

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7
Q

which antibiotics are lipophilic

A

quinolones
macrolides
rifampin
linezolid
tetracyclines

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8
Q

which antibiotics are concentration dependent

A

aminoglycosides, quinolones, daptomycin

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9
Q

which antibiotics are time dependent

A

beta lactams

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10
Q

which antibiotics are exposure dependent

A

vancomycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, polymyxins

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11
Q

which penicillins are the natural penicillins

A

penicillin v potassium, penicillin g benzathine

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12
Q

brand name of penicillin g benzathine

A

bicillin LA

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13
Q

which penicillins are the antistaphylococcal penicillins

A

dicloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin

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14
Q

which antibiotics are the aminopenicillins

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin

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15
Q

what is the extended-spectrum penicillin

A

piperacillin/tazobactam

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16
Q

which penicillin is a vesicant

A

nafcillin- prefer central line, if extravasation occurs use cold packs and hyaluronidase

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17
Q

boxed warning for penicillin g benzathine

A

not for IV use, can cause death

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18
Q

what is the exception to using beta lactams with beta lactam allergy

A

penicillin G benzathine- use for syphilis during pregnancy, densensitize

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19
Q

which penicillin is active against pseudomonas

A

zosyn

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20
Q

what are the first generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil

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21
Q

what are the second generation cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefprozil

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22
Q

what are the third generation cephalosporins

A

group 1: ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime

group 2: ceftazidime

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23
Q

what is the fourth generation cephalosporin

A

cefepime

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24
Q

what is the fifth generation cephalosporin

A

ceftaroline fosamil

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25
ceftaroline fosamil brand name
teflaro
26
what is the siderophore cephalosporin
cefiderocol
27
when is ceftriaxone contraindicated
neonates (0-28 days)
28
which cephalosporin causes a disulfiram reaction with alcohol
cefotetan
29
which cephalosporin has no renal dose adjustments
ceftriaxone
30
which beta lactam is active against MRSA
ceftaroline
31
which cephalosporins are active against pseudomonas
ceftazidime cefepime ceftazidime/avibactam ceftolozane/tazobactam
32
which carbapenem is not active against pseudomonas
ertapenem
33
brand name for ertapenem
invanz
34
what does ertapenem not cover
pseudomonas, enterococcus, acinetobacter
35
ertapenem has to be diluted in ___
NS
36
aztreonam can/cannot be used with beta lactam allergy?
can
37
what are the boxed warnings for aminoglycosides
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
38
what is the goal trough for tobramycin
39
which quinolones are respiratory quinolones
moxifloxacin, levofloxacin
40
which quinolones are antipseudomonal
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
41
which quinolone is not used for UTIs
moxifloxacin
42
what are the warnings for quinolones
tendon inflammation and rupture peripheral neuropathy CNS effects QT prolongation hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia psychiatric disturbances avoid in children and pregnancy/breastfeeding photosensitivity
43
drug interactions with clarithromycin and erythromycin
simvastatin and lovastatin
44
warnings for tetracyclines
children <8 years, pregnancy and breastfeeding due to suppressing bone growth and discolors teeth photosensitivity
45
which antibiotic causes drug-induced lupus erythematosus
minocycline
46
SMX:TMP ratio
5:1 dosed on TMP component SS is TMP 80, DS is TMP 160
47
warnings for SMX/TMP
sulfa allergy hemolytic anemia (immune-mediated or G6PD deficiency) skin reactions hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia pregnancy: only if benefit outweighs risk
48
aztreonam brand name
azactam
49
doxycycline brand name
vibramycin
50
minocycline brand name
minocin, solodyn
51
SMX/TMP side effects
increased K, photosensitivity, crystalluria (take with 8 oz water)
52
SMX/TMP drug interactions
increases INR with warfarin
53
contraindications to telavancin
concurrent use of IV UFH
54
contraindications to oritavancin
do not use IV UFH for 5 days after oritavancin
55
boxed warning for telavancin
fetal risk- pregnancy test prior to starting nephrotoxicity increased mortality with pre-existing moderate to severe renal impairment
56
warnings with lipoglycopeptides
infusion reaction (similar to vancomycin) oritavancin and telavancin: falsely elevated aPTT telavancin: QT prolongation
57
daptomycin warnings
myopathy and rhabdomyolysis: discontinue if s/sx and CPK>1000, or asymptomatic and CPK>2000 monitor CPK weekly
58
do not use daptomycin to treat ____
pneumonia
59
contraindications with oxazolidinones
with or within 2 weeks of MAOIs
60
warnings with oxazolidinones
duration-related myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia) when used >14 days peripheral and optic neuropathy when used >28 days serotonin syndrome hypoglycemia
61
drug interactions for linezolid and tedizolid
tyramine-containing foods and serotonergic drugs (serotonin syndrome) insulin and sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia)
62
linezolid brand name
Zyvox
63
vancomycin brand name
vancocin
64
daptomycin brand name
cubicin
65
tigecycline brand name
tygacil
66
tigecycline boxed warning
increased risk of death use only when alternative treatments are not suitable
67
avoid tigecycline in patients with a _____ allergy
tetracycline
68
warnings for tigecycline
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, photosensitivity, bone growth suppression and teeth discoloration in children <8 years (avoid use)
69
do not use tigecycline for_____
bloodstream infections
70
what color is tigecycline
yellow-orange
71
which drugs are the polymyxins
polymyxin B, colistimethate
72
warnings for the polymyxins
dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
73
what is a D test
should be performed on s. aureus that is clindamycin susceptible but erythromycin resistant. if a D test is positive, indicates inducible clindamycin resistance
74
clindamycin brand name
cleocinme
75
metronidazole brand name
flagyl
76
metronidazole contraindications
pregnancy (1st trimester) alcohol during treatment or within 3 days of treatment discontinuation
77
lefamulin warnings
QT prolongation
78
fidaxomicin is for ___
c diff infections. not for systemic infections
79
rifaximin is for ___
traveler's diarrhea hepatic encephalopathy IBS-D off label for c diff not for systemic infections
80
fosfomycin is for
a single dose regimen for uncomplicated UTI (cystitis only)
81
macrobid dosing
100 mg BID x 5 days for uncomplicated UTI (Cystitis only)
82
what is mupirocin for
to eliminate MRSA colonization of the nares
83
commonly used drugs for MSSA
dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin cefazolin, cephalexin augmentin, unasyn
84
commonly used drugs for MRSA
vancomycin linezolid daptomycin ceftaroline CA-MRSA SSTIs: SMX/TMP, doxycycline, clindamycin
85
commonly used drugs for VRE
pen G or ampicillin (e faecalis only) linezolid daptomycin cystitis only: nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, doxycycline
86
commonly used drugs for atypical organisms
azithromycin, clarithromycin doxycycline, minocycline quinolones
87
commonly used drugs for HNPEK
beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitor cephalosporins (1st gen covers PEK) carbapenems aminoglycosides quinolones SMX/TMP
88
commonly used drugs for pseudomonas
zosyn ceftazidime cefepime ceftazidime/avibactam ceftolozane/tazobactam carbapenems (except ertapenem) aztreonam ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin tobramycin
89
commonly used drugs for CAPES
zosyn cefepime carbapenems aminoglycosides
90
brand name fidaxomicin
dificid
91
commonly used drugs for ESBL producing GNRs
carbapenems ceftazidime/avibactam ceftolozane/tazobactam
92
commonly used drugs for CRE
ceftazidime/avibactam colistimethate, polymyxin B meropenem/vaborbactam imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
93
commonly used drugs for gram negative anaerobes (b fragilis)
metronidazole beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitor cefotetan, cefoxitin carbapenems moxifloxacin (reduced activity)
94
commonly used drugs for c diff
vancomycin fidaxomicin metronidazole
95
which liquid oral antibiotics require refrigeration after reconstitution
pen VK augmentin
96
which liquid oral antibiotics are DO NOT refrigerate
cefdinir
97
which IV antibiotics are do NOT refrigerate
metronidazole moxifloxacin SMX/TMP
98
which antibiotics do NOT need renally dose adjusted
dicloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin ceftriaxone azithromycin and erythromycin clindamycin doxycycline metronidazole moxifloxacin linezolid
99
which antibiotics are 1:1 IV:PO
azithromycin levofloxacin, moxifloxacin doxycycline, minocycline linezolid metronidazole
100
which antibiotics are light protection during administration
doxycycline, micafungin
101
which antibiotics are compatible with dextrose only
SMX/TMP amphotericin B
102
which antibiotics are compatible with NS only
ertapenem ampicillin ampicillin/sulbactam
103
which antibiotics are compatible with NS/LR
daptomycin caspofungin

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