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IDEALS Lab study guide > IDEALS YEAR 2 > Flashcards

IDEALS YEAR 2 Flashcards

1
Q

AE Amoxicillin/Clavunalate

A

Common (>10%): Nausea, diarrhea

Less common (1-10%): skin rash, vomiting, mycosis (fungal infection), candidiasis

Tell doctor: severe allergic reactins (SJS), dark urine, bruising or bleeding

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2
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Contraindication

A

-Prolonged result in fungal infection
-Phenylalanine
-less efficient when near to labor (pregnant)

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3
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
AE

A

Common (>10%): muscle pain, tooth discoloration in infants

Less common: diarrhea, N/V, headache, dizziness

Rare but serious:
-Tendon rupture
-QTc prolongation
-SJS
-renal failure
-peripheral neuropathy
-neutropenia

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4
Q

Ciprofloxacin
DI

A

-Diabetic agents
-Corticosteroids
-Warfarin
-Aluminium, calcium, magnesium

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5
Q

Ciprofloxacin
Counsel

A

-Photosensitivity (use sunscreen)
-Chelation (space 2h before or 6h after taking the drug)
-Tendon rupture
-QTc prolongation

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6
Q

Doxycycline AE

A

Common (>10%):
Esophageal injury (sit up straight and take w/ water
Skin hyperpigmentationon
Tooth discoloration in children

Less common: N/V, diarrhea

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7
Q

Doxycycline DI

A

-Antacids
-Digoxin (for heart failure)
-Penicillin

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8
Q

Doxycycline Counsel

A

-Complete full course
-Take with water, sit up straight
-Space antacids or supplements
-Expect improvement after 2-3d
-Photosensitivity (use sunscreen)
-discontinue in case of skin erythema (redness)

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9
Q

Azithromycin AE

Zithromax, Z-pak

A

Common (>10%): Diarrhea, N/V

Less common:
-Headache,
-elevated liver enzymes
-flatulence
-abdominal pain

Rare: SJS, QTc prolongation

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10
Q

Azithromycin DI

Zithromax, Z-pak

A

-Statins!!!
-antiarrhythmics, drugs causing QTc prolongation
-Digoxin
-Warfarin

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11
Q

Azithromycin Counsel

Zithromax, Z-pak

A

-Complete full treatment
-w/ or w/o food -> suspension w/o food
-Expect improvement after 2-3 days

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12
Q

CLARITHROMYCIN: Biaxin
AE

A

-Taste disturbance

Less common: Headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash

Rare: QTc prolongation, SJS, LFT’s
hallucination, nephrotoxicity

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13
Q

CLARITHROMYCIN: Biaxin
DI

A

-SSRI
-Warfarin
-QTc causing drugs
-Digoxin

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14
Q

CLARITHROMYCIN: Biaxin
Counsel

A

-Take full course
-Improvement after 2-3 days

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15
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)
AE

A

Common: Nausea

Less common: Vomiting

Rare: SJS, anemia, neutropenia, seizure

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16
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)
DI

A

-Cholestyramine (for Cholesterol)
-Metformin
-Multivitamins
-Vaccine (cholera, typhoid)

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17
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)
Counsel

A

-Complete full treatment
-tell the doctor if a rash develops
-Suspension: shake well, expires after short after reconstitution, don’t mix with food

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18
Q

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim, Septra
AE

A

Common: diarrhea, nausea

Less common: skin rash, urticaria (hives)

Rare: SJS, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia

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19
Q

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim, Septra
DI

A

-Antiarrhythmics (Amiodarone)
-Methotrexate (for arthritis, psoriasis, cancer)

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20
Q

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim, Septra
Counsel

A

-Complete full course
-Improvement after 2-3 days
-Photosensitivity (use sunscreen)
-drink plenty of water during therapy (kidney complications)

-tell the doctor: severe diarrhea or dark urine, heavy skin rash or allergic reaction, bruising or bleeding

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21
Q

Albuterol (ProAir HFA)
AE

A

Common: Nausea, pharyngitis, rhinitis, upper respiratory infection, tremor, nervousness

Less common: Angina, tachycardia, hypokalemia, insomnia, cough, headache

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22
Q

Albuterol (ProAir HFA)
DI

A

-sympathomimetics (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
-non-selective ß-blocker (Carvedilol, propranolol, labetalol)

-Diuretics (chlorthalidone, furosemide)
-Digoxin
-MAOI and TCA

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23
Q

Albuterol (ProAir HFA)
Counseling

A

-Shake well, Prime
-Inhaler technique
-Rinse mouth with water and spit

24
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva)
AE

A

Common: Xerostomia (dry mouth), upper respiratory infection

Less common: Constipation Pharyngitis (sore throat), Sinusitis, Constipation

25
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva) LAMA
DDI

A

-Other anticholinergics
-Donepezil, Bupropion

26
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Counsel

A

-not for rescue (it is long-acting)
-can increase HR
-Inhaler technique
-Rinse mouth with water and spit
-urinary retention, dry mouth, constipation
-for Handihaler: inhale the capsule twice (do not swallow)

27
Q

Breo Ellipta
(Fluticasone and Vilanterol)
ICS and LABA

ADE

A

less common:
-extrasystoles (irregular heartbeat), hypertension,
-candidiasis, headache, change in voice
sinusitis (runny nose), allergic rhinitis (stuffy nose), sore throat

28
Q

Breo Ellipta
(Fluticasone and Vilanterol)
ICS and LABA

DI

A

-beta-blocler (non-selective)
-loop diuretics
-TCA

29
Q

Breo Ellipta
(Fluticasone and Vilanterol)
ICS and LABA

Counsel

A

-not for rescue (shortness of breath)
-Inhaler technique
-rinse and spit

30
Q

Flovent Diskus (Fluticasone)
AE

A

Common: Pharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush)

Less common: Epistaxis

Rare: severe allergic reaction, glaucoma

31
Q

Flovent Diskus (Fluticasone)
DDI

A

CYP3A4 inhibitor: ritonavir, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole, grapefruit

32
Q

Flovent Diskus (Fluticasone)
Counsel

A

-don’t stop abruptly (adrenal insufficiency)
-rinse and spit
-Inhaler technique

33
Q

Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir)
AE

A

Bradycardia, hypertension
headache, nausea

34
Q

Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir)
DI

A

contains Ritonavir: CYP3A4 inhibitor
-Glucosteroids

35
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflue)
AE

A

N/V, diarrhea, headache

36
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
DI

A

Influenza vaccine
(interferes with vaccine effectiveness)

37
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Counsel

A

-take with food to prevent GI irritation
-take missed ASAP, skip if more than 2h
-finish full treatment
-improvement after 2-3 days

38
Q

Prednisone (Deltasone)
AE

A

Common: GI upset

Less common: HTN, impaired skin healing, pulmonary tuberculosis, depression, euphoria

39
Q

Prednisone (Deltasone)
DI

A

-Antacids
-CYP inhibitor: ritonavir, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole, grapefruit
-CYP inducer: rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbitone

-Warfarin
-FQ

40
Q

Prednisone (Deltasone)
Counsel

A

-take with food to help with GI upset
-take in the morning to prevent insomnia
-don’t stop abruptly
-diabetic? monitor for hyperglycemia

41
Q

Metoprolol succinate (Lopressor and Toprol XL)
AE

A

Common: Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension

Less common: Arthralgia (joint stiffness), bronchospasm, dyspnea, vomiting

42
Q

Metoprolol succinate (Lopressor and Toprol XL)
DI

A

-Alpha-blockers: Doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulsin)
-Fentanyl
-amiodarone, dronedarone (antiarrhythmic)
-antidiabetic
-Calcium channel blocker (amlodipine, felodipine)
-Clonidine (alpha2 agonist, for HTN)
-CYP inhibitor: ritonavir, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, grapefruit
-NSAIDs

43
Q

Metoprolol succinate (Lopressor and Toprol XL)
Counsel

A

-take on an empty stomach
-dont stop abruptly
-follow your blood sugar, it masks low blood sugar (bc it slows the heart rate, HR is high with low blood sugar)
-tell the doctor when hypotension occurs

44
Q

Metformin ER Glucophage
AE

A

Common: diarrhea, N/V, malabsorption, flatulence

Less common: Headache, indigestion, weight loss

45
Q

Metformin ER Glucophage
DI

A

-contrast media (Acetrizoic)
-Beta-blocker
-Cationic drugs
-Cephalexin
-FQ
-MAOI

46
Q

Metformin ER Glucophage
Counsel

A

-take with meal and water
-avoid alcohol due to lactic acidosis

47
Q

DDI with diabetic drugs

A

Ciprofloxacin
Cephalexin
Metoprolol

48
Q

DDI beta-blocker (non-selective)

A

Albuterol
Breo Ellipta
Metformin

49
Q

DDI with Anti-cholesterol

A

Cephalexin and Cholestyramine
Azithromycin and statins

50
Q

DDI with Antacids

A

Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
Prednisone

51
Q

DDI with Warfarin

A

Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Prednisone

52
Q

DDI with TCA or SSRI

A

Albuterol
Breo Ellipta

Clarithromycin with SSRI

53
Q

DDI with FQ

A

Metformin
Prednisone

54
Q

DDI with CYP inhibitor

A

Flovent Diskus
Prednisone (CYP inhibitor + inducer)
Paxlovid
Metoprolol

55
Q
A

IDEALS Lab study guide (14 decks)

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