Identification Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Peck has been arrested after a media release. We want to do VIPER. Do we need to show Peck and his solicitor the release?
A
Yes where practicable
2
Q
Must police record a first description before every ID procedure?
A
Yes but not the prior to taking a witness to a place to see whether an ID can be made as this says ‘where it is practicable to do so’ just in case someone quickly points a suspect out.
3
Q
Must the first description be passed to a suspect/solicitor prior to a procedure?
A
Only where practicable
4
Q
Can you direct someone to look at a person?
A
No - only a group or in a direction
5
Q
How many photos should be shown?
A
12 for unknown suspects
8 for known unless there are two suspects then its 12
6
Q
How many people should be in a video identification?
A
At least 8
Unless there is more than one suspect then it will be 12
7
Q
What if a murderer comes over from another country. Can we get his fingerprints?
A
Yes - inspector can require him to give fingerprints if he is convicted of a qualifying offence abroad
8
Q
Blood. Intimate or non?
A
Intimate
9
Q
Skin impression other than a fingerprint. Intimate or non?
A
Non
10
Q
Who authorises search of someone to search someone to identify them?
A
Inspector orally or in writing
11
Q
Prior to a witness ID, must the first description be recorded?
A
Where it is practicable to do so prior to taking a witness to a place to see if they can iD an unknown suspect.
Must be prior to photograph of unknown suspect or known suspect ID procedure.
12
Q
Should the first description be passed to the suspect or their solicitor prior to a known suspect ID procedure?
A
Where practicable.
13
Q
Is the time it takes before a first description recorded ever relevant?
A
No
14
Q
There is a group of people on the side of the road and the OIC wants to draw the witness’s attention to them to see if they recognise them. Can he do this?
A
If it is NECESSARY, a constable will be permitted to ask the witness to look at either a group or in a particular direction.
15
Q
If someone identifies someone by photograph in an unknown suspect procedure, do they also have to do do a known suspect procedure?
A
They may potentially be required to engage in a known suspect procedure along with other witnesses.
16
Q
What must be recorded in the event of a positive ID?
A
Date
Time
Location the witness previously saw the suspect
Details of the subsequent identification:
- Where it was made
- How it was made
- Quality of the conditions at the time of the ID
- Whether attention was drawn to the suspect and why
- Anything said by witness or suspect in relation to conduct of the procedure
17
Q
Who conducts an ID procedure?
A
Sergeant or above is responsible for the showing and directing of photographs.
The actual showing of photographs can be done by another officer or police staff.
18
Q
I am the supervising officer for an ID procedure. What must i ensure to make sure that the procedure is not compromised?
A
- First description is recorded before showing of photos - it is the OIC’s responsibility to confirm to me that the description has been recorded.
- That only one witness is shown photos at a time in as much privacy as possible.
- Witnesses are unable to communicate with each other
- No less than 12 photos are displayed at a time - there is no reference to the number of time the images must be shown
- All photos shown as far as possible of a similar type
- The witness must be told the photo of the perpetrator may or may not be present and if they cannot make a positive ID they must say so
- The witness should not make a decision until they have seen at least 12 photos
- The witness must not be prompted
19
Q
What must the supervising officer do at the end of a procedure?
A
Inspect the record and sign it.
20
Q
Under what circumstances will it not be practicable to conduct a known suspect procedure?
A
- A witness becomes unavailable (eg dies)
- It is not possible to find persons of a comparable likeness to the suspects.
Reasonable steps must be taken. An offer by a solicitor to find volunteers should be accepted as it has been considered reasonable.
21
Q
Barry is suspected of rape. The victim describes him as having a scar on his penis. Can we examine this in custody?
A
Yes - inspector or above can authorise it. Reasonable force can be used.
22
Q
how much experience must a fingerprint expert have?
A
3 years
23
Q
Is urine an intimate or non-intimate sample?
A
Intimate
24
Q
Is a mouth swab intimate or non-intimate?
A
Non.
All other orifices are intimate.
25
A swab of matted pubic hair. Intimate or non?
Intimate even though it is outside of the body.
26
Can an inspector authorise an intimate sample orally?
Yes but it must be confirmed in writing as soon as possible.
27
Timmy is 14. Police want to take an intimate sample. Do we need parent or guardian permission too?
Yes
28
Tommy is 13. He is happy to provide an intimate sample. Their parent or guardian is not. What happens?
It is irrelevant what tommy wants as he is under 14, no consent is required from him. It is only his parent or guardian that can provide consent.
Over 14 is suspect and parent or guardian.
29
Tommy is 13 and police want to take an intimate sample. Social services are in custody with him acting as AA. Can we get permission from the social worker?
No unless he is under the care of social services.
We must seek parent or guardian permission and this can be over the phone. They must be given the opportunity to speak to the suspect and the AA over the phone if they wish.
30
Under what circumstances can you take intimate samples away from custody?
1. If the suspect has given two or more non-intimate samples but they were shit - inspector authorises - suspect consents in writing
2. An intimate sample may be taken from a person not in police detention for elimination purposes if the person consents
3. If someone has been convicted outside of the UK for a qualifying offence and 2 or more non-intimate samples have been insufficient - insp authorises as it is necessary to assist in prevention or detection of crime - written consent
31
Can i require someone to attend to give a sample?
Yes if convicted outside of the uk for a qualifying offence. They can be arrested if they fail to show up.
Must give at least 7 days warning and may direct them to attend at a specified time/date. Must consider whether they are turning up to police station at another time anyway.
32
Mahmoud has been convicted for a qualifying offence in Pakistan. Inspector Gray has authorised an intimate sample to be taken however wants it to be shorter than 7 days as there is an urgent need. Can this happen?
Yes - if there is an urgent need for the sample for the purposes of investigating an offence. Reasons must be recorded asap.
33
What 3 things must a suspect be told before providing an intimate sample?
Reason and nature of offence.
That authorisation has been given and provisions.
That it may be subject to a speculative search.
34
What intimate samples can police take?
Urine only
35
I need a sample of hair for ID purposes. Who decides where on the body i take this?
DP can choose and the hairs should be plucked individually unless the suspect requests otherwise.
36
For an inspector to authorise a non intimate sample, what must they believe?
Suspect the person of involvement in a recordable offence and believe that the sample will tend to confirm or disprove their involvement.
37
Under what circumstances can I obtain a non intimate sample of someone charged?
If a sample wasn’t taken during the investigation or it was shit or destroyed and there is a dispute.
38
What qualifying offences are there?
Serious indictable crimes
39
What time limits are imposed to obtain samples out of custody?
6 months if released on bail and informed sample was shit. From date informed.
6 months from day of charge or report if sample not taken before then.
No time limit for qualifying offence power or two years if recordable but non qualifying offence.
40
Can a sample of a suspect not yet arrested/charged/reported be speculatively searched?
Not unless they have been charged or they consent in writing.
41
Must a suspect be in police detention to get footwear samples?
Yes - this is the difference between all other samples. No out of custody power.
42
Sarah reports being raped. A suspect is arrested. Sarah describes the suspect as having a large tattoo on his bum cheek. What now?
Inspector can authorise a search and photo to establish whether they have any marks, features or injuries that would lead them to identify them as a person involved in the commission of an offence.
Reasonable force can be used. And do not have to obtain consent if it is not practicable.
43
A suspect gives his name as Micky mouse when being booked in. Officers caught sight of a tattoo but the suspect will not allow officers to see it as he does not want to be identified. What now?
Inspector authorises a search if they have RGS that the person is not who they claim to be
44
Can you search or photo someone attending voluntarily to establish their identity?
Yes but force cant be used and any photos must be destroyed unless they are charged or cautioned or they provide consent.
45
Can a suspect be convicted on DNA evidence alone?
No - it must be supported by other evidence. Circumstantial evidence is sufficient.
46
How long does someone need to be an expert in fingerprints?
3 years
47
If we find out that a sample is insufficient for analysis. How long do we have to take another?
6 months from being told it was insufficient
48
Can a private security company be an authority for human rights purposes?
Yes
49
Who applies for a child safety order and to what court?
Local authority to family court
50
If someone has a live link bail app at a police station, does it give us a power of search?
Yes and power of arrest if they don’t comply
51
WHITE is 14 years of age and has been arrested on suspicion of raping a girl his own age. The witness has described a distinguishable tattoo that the attacker had on his chest, and WHITE has agreed to have a photograph of a tattoo on his chest taken for identification purposes. WHITE was photographed by a male police officer in the medical room and no other people were present. WHITE was made to remove only his shirt, and the tattoo on his chest was photographed. This was done without the presence of an appropriate adult, as WHITE had signified that he did not want one present.
Did the search and photographing of the tattoo comply with the Codes of Practice, in respect of dealing with juvenile detainees?
Note that this power can be authorised by an inspector where consent is absent, although where consent is given it must be proper consent. For a juvenile aged 14 or over this must be his or her consent, and that of the appropriate adult.
Paragraph 11(c) states that except in cases of urgency, where there is a risk of serious harm to the detainee or others (which is not the case in the scenario), a search of a juvenile may take place in the absence of an appropriate adult only if the juvenile signifies in the presence of the appropriate adult that he or she does not want the adult to be present during the search, and the appropriate adult agrees.
Thus, even though the officer was not photographing intimate parts of the body, because this case involved a juvenile, the consent of both the detainee and the appropriate adult must be obtained.
If an appropriate adult is not present without appropriate consent, there need to be at least two people present during the search only where intimate parts of the body may be exposed;
52
BREWSTER is a witness to an armed robbery and is being interviewed by a police officer. BREWSTER provides a handwritten note that she wrote down of the description of the suspect she had seen commit the robbery. The writing on the note is very clear and outlines in detail the description of the suspect.
What should happen with the note now?
"A record shall be made of the suspect’s description as first given by a potential witness. This record must: (a) be made and kept in a form which enables details of that description to be accurately produced from it, in a visible and legible form, which can be given to the suspect or the suspect’s solicitor in accordance with this Code . . ." So as it is legible then the handwritten note is the first description of the suspect and should be retained by the officer; there is nothing in the Code that states it needs to be signed and timed.
Although this description may be in the officer’s PNB and the witness’s statement neither of these will be the record of first description;
53
GRAVES has been arrested and charged with an offence, he appears at court and is found not guilty. When he was in custody his fingerprints were taken and he is wondering now whether these fingerprints will be destroyed.
The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, which came into force on 31 October 2013, has created a number of situations whereby police are no longer able to retain fingerprints and DNA. Prior to the 2001 Act answer B would have been correct and prior to the 2012 Act answer A would have been correct. However, as the law now stands there are qualifying reasons to retain or destroy fingerprints; answers A and B are therefore incorrect. The retention, where there is a charge but not a conviction, is determined by whether the person was charged with a qualifying offence or a minor offence. • If the individual was charged with a qualifying offence, then the police can retain his data for three years (not five; answer C is therefore incorrect). • If the individual was charged with a minor offence he will have his fingerprints deleted automatically.
54
Police officers are dealing with a murder enquiry during which there was significant publicity to identify a suspect. The suspect has been identified and an identification procedure is being considered by the police. There are several witnesses available to take part in this procedure.
In relation to the media publicity what should the witnesses be asked?
Whether they had seen the coverage. Nothing further is required to be asked.
55
If Lucy identified jones voice in a recording is it enough evidence on its own?
The court also recognised that expert evidence showed that lay listeners with considerable familiarity of a voice and listening to a clear recording could still make mistakes. It is therefore suggested other supporting evidence will be needed for a conviction to succeed;
56
Suspect charged with an offence but found not guilty. Do we retain fingerprints?
The retention, where there is a charge but not a conviction, is determined by whether the person was charged with a qualifying offence or a minor offence. • If the individual was charged with a qualifying offence, then the police can retain his data for three years (not five; answer C is therefore incorrect). • If the individual was charged with a minor offence he will have his fingerprints deleted automatically.
57
Must we always get inspectors authority if we want to search an individual in custody to identify them (tattoos etc)?
No. Only if the detainee does not consent.
If the detainee refuses to co-operate then the process can be authorised to take place without the detainee’s consent by an officer of at least the rank of inspector
58
If we want to take a drug sample of someone in custody to test for presence of class a. How long do we have to do it?
24 hours from ARREST not arrival.
59
How many times must photographs be shown to a witness in a procedure?
There is no reference to how many times. Just no less than 12 photos at the same time.
60
How many photos for an unknown suspect procedure?
No less than 12
61
Mrs Miggins has come in for an unknown suspect procedure and is shown 12 photos. No identification is made. What happens to the photos now?
They should be numbered and NOT destroyed.
A separate photograph shall be made of any frame of part of the album from which a positive identification was made.
They should not be destroyed even if no ID was made.
62
A witness knows the person that robbed a lady’s handbag by face but not by name. The suspect says that she is lying and disputes being that person. Should a known ID procedure take place?
Normally if the witness says they know the person by face, it is a recognition case and therefore it is not appropriate.
However if the suspect disputes this, it should go ahead.
63
I see who i believe to be Daryl Mountford from school stealing a car. I haven’t seen him since school. Do i have to engage in a known suspect ID procedure or is it useless?
I haven’t seen him for years and his appearance may have changed. It is still necessary to do the procedure.
64
The identification officer wants to do a ID procedure as they think it would be useful to the case. Should a procedure take place?
It is irrelevant what they think. It is the OIC who makes this decision.
65
If the identification officer considers a video identification or an ID parade to be impractical what must they do?
Record it on the custody record
| Explain it to the suspect
66
Can a suspect have a friend present during an ID procedure?
Yes they have a right to have a solicitor or friend present
67
does the suspect need to sign a copy of the written notice of the procedure?
Yes - the suspect should sign a second copy of the notice to confirm whether they consent to it.
68
If there is breach of PACE for identification procedures, must the court throw it out?
Discretionary
69
What intimate samples are there?
BUD STOP
Blood
Urine
Dental impressions
Semen
Tissue
Orifice other than mouth
Pubic hair
70
A swab in the ear. Intimate?
Yes - it is an orifice other than the mouth.
71
Swab of the nose. Intimate?
Yes it is an orifice other than the mouth
72
A suspect bites a police officer. The inspector wants to take an intimate sample to see if he is infectious. Can he do this?
No an intimate sample may only be authorised if they have rgb that the sample will either confirm or disprove their involvement.
73
What are the ages of consent for intimate samples?
Under 14 - parent or guardian
14- 18 suspect and parent or guardian
18 or over - suspect only
74
Do you need inspectors authority to take an intimate sample from a victim?
No - think SARC.
75
For a video ID procedure how many other people should be in the lineup with the suspect?
8
76
What if we have really good evidence. Do we still need to do a ID procedure if we have witnesses?
The officers should arrange an identification procedure as a matter of course, as they have witnesses.
The House of Lords went on to say that this mandatory obligation to hold an identification procedure under Code D, para. 3.4 applies even if there has been a ‘fully satisfactory’, or ‘actual and complete’ or ‘unequivocal’ identification of the suspect.
Code D, para. 3.12(ii) also states that an identification procedure must be held where: "there is a witness available, who expresses an ability to identify the suspect, or where there is a reasonable chance of the witness being able to do so, and they have not been given an opportunity to identify the suspect in any of the procedures set out in paragraphs 3.5 to 3.10." Despite the wording of Code D, it has been held that a suspect's right to have an identification process is not confined to cases where a dispute over identity has already arisen; that right also applies where such a dispute might reasonably be anticipated (R v Rutherford and Palmer (1994) 98 Cr App R 191). If, for example, the police have arrested a suspect on the basis of other evidence, and there are witnesses who indicate that they might be able to make an identification, an identification procedure should be arranged. A positive identification would strengthen the case for the prosecution; moreover, defendants should not be deprived of the opportunity to have witnesses to the crime declare that the offender seen by them is not on the procedure. The position may be different if the witness has already stated that he or she would not be able to identify the offender (R v Montgomery [1996] Crim LR 507), and answer A is therefore incorrect. Note that the order of identification procedures is: • video identification; • identification process; • group identification.
77
In police identification procedures the PACE Codes of Practice, Code D refers to suspects being ‘known’ and ‘available’. What does it mean by available?
They are immediately available or will be within a reasonably short time and willing to take an effective part in either video identification, identification parade or group identification.
78
Can you take dental impressions without consent?
No because it is an intimate sample
79
Is it suspect or believe for the inspector to authorise a sample to be taken to prove/disprove their involvement in an offence?
Believe
80
Must the OIC consult the ID officer before deciding on an ID procedure?
Yes they shall consult with each other to determine which ID procedure should be offered.
81
We know that we can examine, search a photograph DP’s to identify whether they are involved in an offence. Can an inspector authorise this orally?
Yes but must be backed up in writing asap
82
If there is one person in a known suspect ID, how many people with the suspect should be included?
8 + sus
83
We know that if it is one suspect in video ID, it should be 8 others alongside. What happens if there are two suspects?
If they are of roughly similar appearance then they should be shown together with 12 others.
84
Must a group identification procedure take place at a police station?
Yes for reasons of safety, security or because it is not practicable to hold them elsewhere.
85
Can a group identification procedure involve a stationary group?
Stationary or moving
86
Must a group identification procedure be recorded?
Where practicable
87
Do we need insp authority for a trigger offence drug sample?
Only begging
88
Is failing to provide a urine/drug sample an offence? Or just adverse inference?
Offence - no force can be used.
89
How long do you have to get a drug sample pre-charge?
24 hours
Post charge another 6 hours
90
If drug sample is positive, what can we do?
We can require an initial assessment of drug use AND follow up assessment
91
Who authorises intimate samples for terrorism cases?
Super
92
Is it believe or suspect for intimate samples?
Believe
93
What are the time limits out of custody to get non intimate samples post conviction?
2 years with insp authority unless it is a qualifying offence then it is open ended.
7 days notice required unless insp expedites it.
94
What is the time limit for non intimate sample pre conviction?
6 months - no inspector authority required
95
Do you need inspectors authority to verify an imposter’s fingerprints on bail back?
Yes
96
How many years for someone to be a FP expert?
3 years
97
Do you need insp authority to establish ID in custody for tattoos etc?
Only if no consent - force can be used.
98
Can a suspect dictate where they stand in a line up?
Yes - where they stand only not others.
99
Can we refuse a solicitor from being present at an ID procedure?
Yes
Insp (ID officer) can exclude solicitor. They can appeal to an insp that is independent
100
If the ID officer (INSP) prevents a solicitor from being present during an ID procedure, who can the solicitor appeal to?
Independent insp
101
I know we can take photos of suspects without consent. What can we use the photos for?
A photograph taken under s. 64A may be used by, or disclosed to, any person for any purpose related to the prevention or detection of crime, the investigation of an offence or the conduct of a prosecution or the enforcement of a sentence. Code D, Note 5B gives examples where such photographs may be of use. The use of the photograph is for any conduct which constitutes a criminal offence (whether under UK law or in another country). This therefore allows the photograph to be used in the preparation of any identification procedure that is being arranged involving the suspect
102
Are inspectors involved in footwear impression authorities>
No never
103
Can you do footwear impressions after charge?
Yes arrested, charged or reported
104
14 year old suspect. Who has to agree to the taking of the sample of pubic hair?
Just the AA.
Juvenile has no say.
105
Does a witness need to view images when making an ID a set number of times?
Yes twice
106
If we require the attendance of a qualifying offender to give fingerprints, can we use reasonable force?
Yes
107
Can two suspects who don’t really look like each other appear in the same parade?
No - only if they are of similar appearance.
108
Must we offer a video identification parade initially?
There is a PRESUMPTION in favour of video ID so we can only offer another method is more suitable.
109
We know an inspector should serve the ID papers on the suspect. What if there is not one available?
If there is going to be an unreasonable delay to the investigation then police staff not involved in the investigation can perform these duties as directed by the custody officer.
110
Can we take an intimate sample without an AA present for a juvenile?
If the suspect is 14-18 then intimate sample consent must be obtained from suspect and AA. Consent can be given over the phone.
However to do the sample without an AA as it is intimate, the AA should agree to the sample being taken without them being there IN PERSON.
111
What is a known witness? Does it mention arrest?
Yes
There is sufficient information known to the police to justify the arrest of a particular person for suspected involvement in the offence.
112
We have obtained pre-emptive images of a suspect as he normally refuses. He has however said that he will this time. Must new images now be captured?
If he cooperates in providing new images, these will be the images used. Otherwise - we use the old images.
The suspect does not have to provide new images.
113
Suspect has been had a reprimand and was unable to provide fingerprints at the time due to being in a cast. Can we get them now that he has been released?
Yes
Inspector authority
If they are satisfied that it is necessary to assist in the prevention or detection of crime
114
Must we show any media images showing the suspect prior to a ID procedure?
Yes unless it is impracticable or would cause an unreasonable delay to the investigation.
115
Does an AA have to provide consent for an intimate sample if the suspect is over 18 and mentally disordered?
No
As long as the DP’s consent is in the AA’s presence as he is over 18. Don’t confuse it with juveniles.
116
Does an intimate sample have to be taken in custody?
No can be outside if:
- they have provided TWO or more non-intimate samples and they are insufficient
This needs inspector authority and written consent from the suspect.
117
Can you take an intimate sample for elimination purposes only?
Yes
118
I know you can take an intimate sample for elimination purposes, do you need authority to do so?
No Inspector authority required just consent from the person.
However if under 18, the same applies with regards to parent/guardian.
119
What is the mindset of the Inspector when authorising an intimate sample?
1. Suspect involvement in a recordable offence
| 2. Believe sample will prove or disprove their involvement in the offence
120
Do we have to remind the suspect of their right to legal advice before an intimate sample is taken?
Yes
121
What are the four things we have to tell the suspect before an intimate sample is taken?
1. Entitlement to legal advice
2. The authorisation given
3. Warn about non-Compliance
4. Speculative search
122
Can an inspector provide oral authorisation for intimate samples?
Yes but must be backed up in writing ASAP
123
Who takes dental impressions?
Dentist ONLY
124
Who can take intimate samples? Apart from urine which i know is police and dental impressions, which i know is dentists.
Doctors
Nurses
Paramedics
125
Can paramedics take intimate samples?
Yes
126
If a nurse is taking an ear wax sample. Can an officer of the opposite sex remain?
No - it is intimate and no intimate sample can be taken in presence of someone other than the nurse of opposite sex.
127
I know that a parent/guardian needs to be physically present in custody to provide consent for things in some cases. What is this?
If there is going to be an intimate sample to be taken, the suspect needs to agree IN THE AA’S PRESENCE that they do not want the AA present.
For other authorisations, phone is fine.
128
Are fingerprints samples?
No they are completely separate.
129
Are footprints samples?
Yes unlike fingerprints.
Footprints are non-intimate.
130
When taking a hair sample, who chooses where the hair is taken from?
Suspect should be allowed reasonable choice as to what hair
131
I know the suspect must be allowed a reasonable choice as to what hair we take for the sample however who decides how many hairs?
As many as the person taking the sample reasonably considers necessary.
132
Do we ever need inspector authority for non-intimate samples?
Yes
If held on the authority of a court. The suspect’s consent is not needed.
E.g footwear on a three day lie down.
133
Under what circumstances MUST a first description be recorded?
Prior to showing a witness photographs in relation to an unknown suspect
Prior to a witness engaging in a known suspect identification procedure
It is only when you take a witness to a place to see whether they can make a positive identification of an unknown suspect does it state; where practicable.
134
When must a first description be taken from a witness?
As long as it is recorded BEFORE the witness engages in an identification procedure.
It does not state ASAP.
135
Who conducts the ID procedure?
Whilst a Sergeant or above must be RESPONSIBLE in showing and directing of photographs (the supervising officer), the actual showing of photographs can be done by another officer or police staff.
136
If a suspect has fallen asleep in his cell, can we search him whilst he sleeps if we believe that it is not practicable to obtain his consent if we want to establish his identity?
No
We can only search people to establish their identity when consent is refused or the authorising officer has RGS that the person is not who he claims to be.
Must be given the opportunity to refuse.
137
For an unknown suspect procedure, how many photographs should be shown?
No less than 12 photographs which shall as far as possible be of a similar type.
138
Crime happens, unknown suspect procedure takes place and SMITH is identified. SMITH is arrested and disputes presence. Does the original witness now need to engage in a known suspect procedure?
As a general rule - yes.
Unless there is no dispute about the suspect’s identification.
139
If someone is returning on bail and we dispute their identity, can we crack on and take a sample without Inspector authority?
No
We must obtain authority from an Inspector or court. No consent required from DP.
140
Under what circumstances can we not provide media images prior to an ID procedure?
If it is impracticable or would cause an unreasonable delay to the investigation.
141
If a suspect has a birthmark, must we take steps to conceal or replicate it prior to an ID procedure for the other persons in the lineup?
May.
The ID officer has the discretion whether to conceal or replicate.
142
If a social worker is present acting as AA, what is the important thing to remember about intimate samples?
Consent must be obtained from the PARENT OR GUARDIAN and not the AA. So just because they are there, a parent or guardian must be contacted over the phone if necessary.
If the parent or guardian cannot be contacted = no consent. No sample.
143
Can you require someone to come into the station to give a footwear sample after they have been summonsed?
No
They must be in police detention. Only time people can be made to come to the station for footwear impressions is if one was previously obtained but was either incomplete or insufficient for analysis.
