Identity and Personality

Question 1

our internal list of answers to the question

“Who am I?”

Answer 1

self-concept

Question 2

self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

Answer 2

self-schema

Question 3

individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

Answer 3

identity

Question 4

members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

Answer 4

ethnic identity

Question 5

based on political borders; result of shared history, media, cuisine, and national symbols

Answer 5

nationality

Question 6

we let the situation dictate which identity holds the most importance for us at any given moment

Answer 6

hierarchy of salience

Question 7

maintains that each of us has three selves

actual-ideal-ought

Answer 7

self-discrepancy theory

Question 8

way we see ourselves as we currently are

Answer 8

actual self

Question 9

the person we would like to be

Answer 9

ideal self

Question 10

our representation of the way others think we should be

Answer 10

ought self

Question 11

our belief in our ability to succeed

Answer 11

self-efficacy

Question 12

refers to the way we characterize the influences in our lives
internal vs external

Answer 12

locus of control

Question 13

oral stage (0-1)
anal stage (1-3) 
phallic or Oedipal stage (3-5)
latency lasts until puberty
genital stage (puberty - adulthood)

Answer 13

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

Question 14

series of crises that derive from conflicts between needs and social demands

Answer 14

Erik Erikson’s stages of personality development

Question 15

first conflict lasts from ages (0 to 1)

Answer 15

trust vs mistrust

Question 16

second personality conflict ages 1 to 3

Answer 16

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 17

third personality conflict ages 3 to 6

Answer 17

initiative vs guilt

Question 18

personality conflict 6 to 12

Answer 18

industry vs inferiority

Question 19

personality conflict during adolescence 12 to 20

encompasses physiological revolution

Answer 19

identity vs role confusion

Question 20

main crisis of adulthood 20 to 40

Answer 20

intimacy vs isolation

Question 21

conflict of middle age 40 to 65

Answer 21

generativity vs stagnation

Question 22

crisis of old age 65+

Answer 22

integrity vs despair

Question 23

focuses not on resolving conflicts or urges, but rather on the development of moral thinking

Answer 23

Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of personality development

Question 24

typical of preadolescent thinking and places emphasis on the consequences of moral choice

Answer 24

preconventional morality

Question 25

concerned with avoiding punishment

Answer 25

obedience

Question 26

focused on gaining rewards

Answer 26

self-interest

Question 27

begins to develop in early adolescence when individuals begin to see themselves in terms of their relationships to others

Answer 27

conventional morality

Question 28

places emphasis on the "good boy, nice girl" orientation in which a person seeks the approval of others

Answer 28

conformity

Question 29

maintains the social order in the highest regard

Answer 29

law and order

Question 30

level of reasoning that is based on social mores, which may conflict with laws

Answer 30

postconventional morality

Question 31

view moral rules as conventions that are designed to ensure the greater good, with reasoning focused on individual rights

Answer 31

social contract

Question 32

decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles

Answer 32

Universal human ethics

Question 33

skills and abilities that have not full developed but are in the process of development

Answer 33

zone of proximal development by Vugotsky

Question 34

set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and different locations

Answer 34

Personality

Question 35

aim is to achieve immediate gratification to relieve any pent-up tension

Answer 35

pleasure principle ID

Question 36

taking into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id and the id's pleasure principle

Answer 36

reality principle ego

Question 37

personality's perfectionist, judging our actions and responding with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures

Answer 37

superego

Question 38

ego's way of forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious, and underlies many of the other defense mechanisms, disguise threatening impulses that may find their way back from the unconscious

Answer 38

repression

Question 39

deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

Answer 39

suppression

Question 40

reversion to an earlier developmental stage

Answer 40

regression

Question 41

suppress urges by unconsciously converting them into their exact opposites

Answer 41

reaction formation

Question 42

individuals attribute their undesired feelings to others

Answer 42

projection

Question 43

justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

Answer 43

rationalization

Question 44

describes the transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another

Answer 44

displacement

Question 45

transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

Answer 45

sublimation

Question 46

powerful system that is shared among all humans and is considered to be a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors

Answer 46

collective unconscious

Question 47

mask that we wear in public, part of our personality that we present to the world

Answer 47

persona

Question 48

suppressed female qualities in males | Jung's man's inner woman

Answer 48

anima

Question 49

male qualities of females | Jung woman's inner man

Answer 49

animus

Question 50

appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness

Answer 50

shadow

Question 51

Adler; individual's sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority both physically and socially

Answer 51

inferiority complex

Question 52

force by which an individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality

Answer 52

creative self

Question 53

manifestation of the creative self and describes a person's unique way of achieving superiority

Answer 53

style of life

Question 54

individual is more motivated by expectations of future than past experiences

Answer 54

fictional finalism