Identity and Personality (CH6) Flashcards
(81 cards)
The sum of ways in which we describe ourselves: in the present, who we used to be, and who we might be in the future.
Self-Concept
Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong (ex. religious affiliation, sexual orientation, ethnic and national affiliations).
Identity
Defined as the state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine.
Androgyny
The opposite of androgyny?
Undifferentiated
Refers to one’s ethnic group, in which members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language.
Ethnic Identity
It is believed that our identities are organized in a way that they present themselves in certain circumstances (most important identity becomes present at needed moment).
Hierarchy of Salience
What are our 3 “selves” in self-discrepancy theory?
- Actual Self
- Ideal Self
- Ought Self
The way we see ourselves as we currently are.
Actual Self
The person we would like to be.
Ideal Self
Our representation of the way others think we should be.
Ought Self
Belief in our ability to succeed.
Self-Efficacy
When self-efficacy is depressed past the point of recovery.
Learned Helplessness
According to Freud, this is when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of developement. In response to the anxiety caused by fixation, the child forms a personality based on that particular stage, which persists into adulthood as a functional mental disorder.
Fixation to Neurosis
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s Psychosexual Development?
- Oral Stage
- Anal Stage
- Phallic/Oedipal Stage
- Latency Stage
- Genital Stage
During this stage (0 to 1 year), gratification is obtained primarily through putting objects into the mouth, biting and sucking. Libidinal energy is centered on the mouth.
Oral Stage
During this stage (1 to 3 years), the libido is centered on the anus and gratification is gained through the elimination and retention of waste materials.
Anal Stage
During this stage (3 to 5 years), libido is centered on resolution of the Oedipal conflict for males or Electra conflict for female children. For example, the boy will wish to eliminate his father and possess his mother, but the child feels guilty about these wishes. To successfully resolve the conflict, he deals with his guilty feelings by identifying with his father and establishing his sexual identity, and internalizing moral values.
Phallic Stage
During this stage, libido is sublimated and this will last until puberty is reached.
Latency
During this stage (begining at puberty and lasting to adulthood), the person should enter into healthy heterosexual relationships if previous stages have been succesfully resolved.
Genital Stage
What are Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development?
- Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 years)
- Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-3 years)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20 years)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40 years)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65 years)
- Integrity vs. Despair (65-x years)
Can I trust the world?
Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 years)
Is it okay to be me?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
Is it okay for me to do, move and act?
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
Can I make it in the world of people and things?
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
