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İelts 2 Flashcards

(173 cards)

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1
Q

Korumak

A

To protect
Preserve - preservation
Conservancy- conservation

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2
Q

Uygun fiyatli

A

Economically sound
Cost effective
Reasonable cost
Affordable

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3
Q

Çok pahalı

A

Prohibitively expensive
Almost unaffordable

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4
Q

Başlangıç masrafı

A

Higher upfront cost
İnitial capital

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5
Q

Sınırlı/tükenmek ve sınırsız

A

Noun: Finite, Limited , Exhaustible
Verb: deplete, can not replaced/replenished, consume, run out

Noun: effectively infinite, sustainable

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6
Q

Bağlı olmak

A

Rely on, dependency

Dependence on fossil fuel (energy security)

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7
Q

Renerwable için özellikler

A

Less footprint
Eco-friendly
Low carbon emission

Could undermine the reliability of the global supply as a result of its dependency on climatic and mythological phenomena

It depends on changeable and unpredictable phenomena yet diss unpredictability can be mitigated or prevented by improving battery technologies and generators (In order to increase to supply during ideal conditions)

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8
Q

Şiddetini azaltmak
İyileştirmek

Kötüleştirmek
Şiddetini arttırmak

A

Mitigate
Ameliorate

Exacerbate
Compound by artmak??

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9
Q

Esas sebep 
Önde gelen

A

Predominant factor
Root cause

Prominent

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10
Q

Buzul

A

Glassier buzul
icecap
Mountain snow packs 
polar ice cap kutup buzları

Melting polar ice caps trigger severe floods, drought And rising sea levels accordingly Creates the risk of getting submerged for coastal towns

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11
Q

Zarar vermek

A

Damages
devastates

Environmental degradation (bozulma)
Intellectual degradation

Disturbs ecosystem

Imbalance

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12
Q

THE NATURAL CYCLE OF WATER

A

Water vapour -Evaporation-Into the air

Evaporated Vapour forms Clouds (condensation)

Once clouds collected adequate energy precipitation/downfall begins and clouds cause rain or snow.

Water from precipitation partly pours into lakes or is absorbed into the ground (Groundwater)

Surface runoff

Groundwaters eventually flow back to the ocean





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13
Q

Spills
Nuclear plant malfunctions

A

Sızıntı

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14
Q

Absorption of micro particles into the lungs is driving up rates of cancer and asthma and escalates the odds of getting ill

A

Driving up rates of
Escalates the odds of

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15
Q

One that can be challenging rectify

A

Rectify: Düzeltmek

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16
Q

 Chimney smoke, smokes and fumes contain

A

They contain damaging pollutant particles/substance

They contain hazardous air pollutants substances that often result in various illnesses.

Absorption of micro particles into the lungs is driving up rates of cancer and asthma and escalates the odds of getting ill

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17
Q

Kirlenmiş

A

Tainted, polluted, contaminated

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18
Q

Logging

A

Over cutting trees for timber and industrial use

In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damage/harm/disturb the local environment (environmental degradation) the accumulation can be very hard to rectify

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19
Q

Biriken şey


A

Accumulation

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20
Q

Compounded by

A

These problems often caused or compounded by…(artmak) 

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21
Q

Zincirleme etki
Artırıcı etki

A

knock on effect
Additive and boosting effects

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22
Q

Beraberinde gelen şey

A

Concomitant conditions
Accompanying factors
Concomitant Of the…

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23
Q

Sınırlı kaynakların iyi kullanılması

A

Optimization

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24
Q

Felaket

A

Disaster, catastrophe, calamity

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25
Sulama sistemi
 Irrigation, sprinkler water system
26
Tarım ve hayvancılık
Agriculture and husbandry
27
Lack of food Lack of water
Famine, scarcity, starvation Drought
28
Bolluk ve yokluk
Abundance Poverty
29
 accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside off
Controlled landfills Waste processing centers
30
Abondaned waste
31
Tehlikede olmak Yok olmanın eşiğinde olmak
Endangered Threatened with Extinction On the verge of extinction Dwindling numbers or even potential extinction
32
Avlanmak
Poaching Habitat loss - destruction  food chain disruption
33
Dwindling numbers
Dwindling away Dwindle down Giderek azalan
34
It is known
It is acknowledged, affirmed, accepted, Undeniable that
35
Yorumlamak
İnterpret
36
Gelir
Revenue income earning profit yield
37
Gider harcama
Expense Expenditure Spending Outgoing Outlay Cost
38
Achieved / Received The highest... From all the 4 companies grabbed The highest share of Ranked fifth Revealed a positive trend Second highest revenue source, brought in .... of overall... It stood at only It experienced a more than threefold increase to %10. Holding a constant proportion of that rate at 12% The energy produced by coal comprised of 29% and experienced a very slight increase of about 1% in 2005 There was an approximate of 5% increase in both... And reached respectively
39
Distinct trend of Wide disparity between  revealed a positive trend From an overall perspective
40
Drastic change = Major change
41
The rising trend was less obvious with a minor increase of 30 usd
42
Doğum / doğum oranı
Birth Nativity Childbearing Given births Fertility rate Natality
43
Ölüm oranı
Mortality rate Fatality Morbidity and mortality (hastalık ve ölim oranı)
44
İşlenmemiş/ ham
Uncultivated Unlaboured
45
Kaplama
Coating Veneered (kapli olmak) Subsequently overcoated ( sonradan kaplanan)
46
Güzelliğini bozmak Leke kusur
Blemish
47
Albeit
Though
48
Çapa
Anchor
49
Özen
Diligence Elaborately (özenle, ayrıntılı- with caution) Elaboration (özenle oluşturulmuş şey)
50
Büfe
Sideboard
51
Canlandırmak, uyarmak, tahrik etmek
Stimulate
52
Kökenli, kaynaklı, -den elde edilen
Originated from, by
53
Öngörmek
Foresee Predict Project Forecast Estimate
54
Verb for Research
Conduct Carry out
55
Memnun olmak
Delighted satisfied pleased glad Content
56
Gök Göksel
Firmament Firmamently
57
Çözüm bulmak
Bring a solution to a matter Produce crate find a solution Work out Pull something (a rabbit) out of the heart
58
Bir şeyi iyi kötü kullanabilecek kadar bilmek
Have a working knowledge of
59
Ders çıkarmak
Learn from one's mistakes Derive lesson From mistakes
60
İki ucu boklu degnek
A double edge sword
61
Hem iyi hem kötü
Both good and bad A curate's egg Mixed blessing A boon and a bane
62
Altogether (both good and bad)
For better or for worse ups and downs Highs or lows  It is our experiments with us highs and lows all together that makes us who we are
63
Bir kelimenin birisi tarafından ilk defa kullanıldığını ifade ederken
Was first used by Was coined by
64
Hepberaver
Altogether  Completely Wholly Totally Entirely
65
Iltifat etmek
Praise Compliment
66
Rahatsız edici
Disturbant Annoying
67
Bulaşıcı
Infectious Contagious Communicable diseases
68
Önyargı
Presumption Prejudice Prejudgement Fore judge Preconceived opinion - It is often based on stereotypes - It is harder to crack a prejudice than an atom - Prejudice is ignorance - Kill someone with extreme prejudice (yargısız infaz) - overcome prejudice Widespread prejudice
69
Gelenekleri aktarmak
In passing on our traditions Transmitting social memes Conway cultural norms that have maintaining the fabric of society Handed down between generations
70
Bring back memories and feelings Anmak
Commemorate an event evoke
71
Somutlaştırmak
Embody
72
Traditional shanties and dirges
Very traditional songs
73
Gelenek - değer
Custom Tradition Folkway Morals Values
74
Spreading of cultures between nations
Cultural diffusion
75
Kültürel değerler örnek + vocab
Traditional cultural events: Religious ceremonies or rituals Military parades Other social memes (public duty) Folklore: old stories like myths Traditional shanties and dirges (very traditional songs)
76
Miras
Heritage Legacy Inheritance
77
Orta çağa özgü
Medieval
78
Traditions requires
Involvement to be contemporary Outdated Old fashion
79
Mecaz anlamda Geleneksel olarak Nesilden nesile geçerek
Metaphorically Figure of speech Figuratively speaking Tralatitiously
80
Antonym for 'realism' in art
Abstract art
81
Someone who is very interested in art
Culture vulture
82
Mecaz anlamda Mecazen konusursak
Figurative meaning Figurative speaking
83
Parasallaştırmak
Monetizing
84
Ticarileştirme
Commercialization Mini traditional customs are modified for commercialization and end up losing their originality and value
85
Kürek sporu
Rowing
86
Koşu
Jogging
87
Seyirci izleyici
Spectators audience viewer
88
Full of
Filled with
89
Hooligan
Fanatic supporter and followers
90
Yarış
Race contest competition
91
Yarışmak
Race - compete with or against Enter into rivalry with or against 
92
Rakipler
Rivals Opponents Competitors
93
Yarışta birinci sıra ve yarışta diğer rakipler ile arayı açmak anlamında bir fiil
PACE
94
Birine ayak uydurmak
Accommodate one's pace Keep pace with
95
Volta atmak
Pace back-and-forth Pace up-and-down
96
Bir şeyi adımla ölçmek
Pace something
97
Kazanmak / -i yenmek
Win Beat Gain Pull of Triumphing over
98
Bedeli ağır galibiyet kazananı kaybedenene kıyasla daha zararlı çıkan savaş veya iki tarafında zararlı çıktığı savaş
Pyrrhic victory Cod-mean victory
99
Kolay galibiyet açık ara kolayca kazanılan galibiyet
Ramp to victory Walkover/blowout
100
Galibiyet serisi
Streak of wins/winning streak Three-peat: Üstüste üçüncü galibiyet
101
Zar zor kazanılan galibiyet
Purple victory
102
Son anda kazanmak
Snatch victory from the jaws of defeat
103
Son anda kaybetmek
Snatch defeat from the jaws of victory
104
Yenilmek
Be defeated  Beaten by Succumb to
105
Kasten yenilmek
Fall/ throw a game
106
Berabere biten maç
Draw Tied game Drawn game 
107
Uzatılmış
Prolonged
108
Hafif ağrı 
Dull pain
109
Zonklama hissi
Throbbing sensation
110
Keskin acı
Sharp sensation/pain
111
Fakirleştirmek, yoksullaştırmak
İmpoverish
112
Sınıflandırma
Classification Assortment Taxonomy
113
Etiket
Label
114
Parasal
Monetary
115
Yoksullaşmış
Impoverished
116
Eşitsizlik
İnequality
117
Gösterge
İndicators
118
Sanitary (sağlıkla ilgili) Sanitation (sağlığa uygun bir duruma getirme, sağlık önlemleri, temizlik işleri, sağlık hizmetleri)
119
Rastlamak
Run into Encounter
120
İdame ettirmek Sürdürmek
Maintain Pursue Retain Continue Sustain Perpetuate It also perpetuates stereotypes about people who come from the so-called developing world as backward, lazy, ignorant, irresponsible
121
Faydalanmak,  Kendi çıkarı için kullanmak, istifade etmek
Take advantage off Make use of Benefit from Exploit (sömürmek) Utilize
122
Özür diler gibi Mazeret göstererek
Apologetically
123
Siyasete bulanmış
Tinged with politics
124
Sahiplenici
Possessive
125
Kaldırım
Pavement sidewalk footway footpath
126
Araç yolu
Roadside vehicle track
127
The area between city center in Greenbelt
Zone of transition
128
A group of islands
Archipelago
129
Bataklık
Bog Marsh Swamp
130
Çit
Hedge
131
Boğaz (denizde)
Strait
132
Highest point of mountain
Summit
133
Emptiness on the island If there is no significant touristic facility that means the island is.....
Barren island Deserted island
134
Fertile Lush
Bereketli  
135
Doğum oranı
Fertility natality birth rate Given births childbearing
136
Ölüm oranı için
Mortality Fatality 
137
Buzdolabı Soğutucu
Freezer and refrigerator Cooler and refrigerant Refrigeration is a process of removing heat which means cooling an area or a substance below the environmental temperature
138
Tramvay
Trams Tram vehicles
139
Kamyonculuk endüstrisi
Trucking industry
140
Substance
Madde Partikül Cisim
141
Grasp
Kavramak İdrak etmek Anlamak
142
Tudor Concentrated his efforts on bringing blah blah
143
Muazzam Çok büyük Kocaman
Enormous tremendous huge
144
Zahmetli
Troublesome demanding
145
The adverse effect
Ters etki
146
Ölümcül kaza
Lethal accidents Fatal accident
147
Spill the beans
Baklayı ağzından çıkarmak
148
Anlaşmak (sözleşme değil geçinmek anlamında)
Get along
149
Muazzam / koskocaman
Tremendous Enormous
150
Aksaklık Sekte
Disruption Hitch Malfunction Interruption
151
Asıl sebep
Major cause/factor Mainspring Predominant External factor Men origins First and foremost
152
Tamamlayıcı sebepler
Underactor secondary circumstantial subsidiary accessory
153
Bozulma
Disruption Breakdown
154
İyileştirmek Kötüleştirmek (Durumu)
Ameliorated exacerbate Can be Ameliorated by coordinated action
155
Just enough to live on
Subsistence level of Can be lived at a subsistence level
156
Adverse
Olumsuz - damaging elverişsiz - unfavourable muhalefet- opposition Adverse effects
157
Ağır
Severe Severe punishment or penalty Severe depression or trauma Severe climate or winter cold Severe are conditions/economic crisis Severe restriction Severe criticism
158
STT
Expiry date
159
Eklemek Yedek
Supplement Substitute/replacement
160
Kabul edilmelidir ki
Admittedly
161
Mıymıntı (sluggish) veya uyku bastırmış kişi (heavy headed)
Drowsy
162
-den kaynaklanmak gibi
Stem from While they are undoubted benefits, various negative effects stem from this too
163
Protect
Preserve Safe guard
164
A very high level of supply or availability of something
An abundance Abundance of natural resources such as Lance, wildlife forestry, water bodies/lakes, rivers, Reservoir
165
State of the art
Son model Gelişme seviyesi (sanat veya teknoloji için)
166
Sağlıklı yaşam süresi
Health span
167
Hastalık
Disorder İllness İll health (sağlık sorunları) suffer
168
İş stresi
İntense work pressure
169
Den kaynaklanan
Stemming from
170
Beraberinde gelen Eşlik eden ifadeleri
Concomitant factors Co-existing conditions Accompany Concurrent elements
171
Yayılmak
Spread Dispers Disseminate
172
Often yerine
Frequently
173
Eşit şekilde
Equivalently

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