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İELTS > İelts 2 > Flashcards

İelts 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Korumak

A

To protect
Preserve - preservation
Conservancy- conservation

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2
Q

Uygun fiyatli

A

Economically sound
Cost effective
Reasonable cost
Affordable

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3
Q

Çok pahalı

A

Prohibitively expensive
Almost unaffordable

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4
Q

Başlangıç masrafı

A

Higher upfront cost
İnitial capital

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5
Q

Sınırlı/tükenmek ve sınırsız

A

Noun: Finite, Limited , Exhaustible
Verb: deplete, can not replaced/replenished, consume, run out

Noun: effectively infinite, sustainable

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6
Q

Bağlı olmak

A

Rely on, dependency

Dependence on fossil fuel (energy security)

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7
Q

Renerwable için özellikler

A

Less footprint
Eco-friendly
Low carbon emission

Could undermine the reliability of the global supply as a result of its dependency on climatic and mythological phenomena

It depends on changeable and unpredictable phenomena yet diss unpredictability can be mitigated or prevented by improving battery technologies and generators (In order to increase to supply during ideal conditions)

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8
Q

Şiddetini azaltmak
İyileştirmek

Kötüleştirmek
Şiddetini arttırmak

A

Mitigate
Ameliorate

Exacerbate
Compound by artmak??

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9
Q

Esas sebep 
Önde gelen

A

Predominant factor
Root cause

Prominent

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10
Q

Buzul

A

Glassier buzul
icecap
Mountain snow packs 
polar ice cap kutup buzları

Melting polar ice caps trigger severe floods, drought And rising sea levels accordingly Creates the risk of getting submerged for coastal towns

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11
Q

Zarar vermek

A

Damages
devastates

Environmental degradation (bozulma)
Intellectual degradation

Disturbs ecosystem

Imbalance

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12
Q

THE NATURAL CYCLE OF WATER

A

Water vapour -Evaporation-Into the air

Evaporated Vapour forms Clouds (condensation)

Once clouds collected adequate energy precipitation/downfall begins and clouds cause rain or snow.

Water from precipitation partly pours into lakes or is absorbed into the ground (Groundwater)

Surface runoff

Groundwaters eventually flow back to the ocean





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13
Q

Spills
Nuclear plant malfunctions

A

Sızıntı

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14
Q

Absorption of micro particles into the lungs is driving up rates of cancer and asthma and escalates the odds of getting ill

A

Driving up rates of
Escalates the odds of

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15
Q

One that can be challenging rectify

A

Rectify: Düzeltmek

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16
Q

 Chimney smoke, smokes and fumes contain

A

They contain damaging pollutant particles/substance

They contain hazardous air pollutants substances that often result in various illnesses.

Absorption of micro particles into the lungs is driving up rates of cancer and asthma and escalates the odds of getting ill

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17
Q

Kirlenmiş

A

Tainted, polluted, contaminated

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18
Q

Logging

A

Over cutting trees for timber and industrial use

In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damage/harm/disturb the local environment (environmental degradation) the accumulation can be very hard to rectify

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19
Q

Biriken şey


A

Accumulation

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20
Q

Compounded by

A

These problems often caused or compounded by…(artmak) 

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21
Q

Zincirleme etki
Artırıcı etki

A

knock on effect
Additive and boosting effects

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22
Q

Beraberinde gelen şey

A

Concomitant conditions
Accompanying factors
Concomitant Of the…

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23
Q

Sınırlı kaynakların iyi kullanılması

A

Optimization

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24
Q

Felaket

A

Disaster, catastrophe, calamity

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25
Q

Sulama sistemi

A

 Irrigation, sprinkler water system

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26
Q

Tarım ve hayvancılık

A

Agriculture and husbandry

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27
Q

Lack of food
Lack of water

A

Famine, scarcity, starvation
Drought

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28
Q

Bolluk ve yokluk

A

Abundance
Poverty

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29
Q

 accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside off

A

Controlled landfills
Waste processing centers

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30
Q

Abondaned waste

A
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31
Q

Tehlikede olmak
Yok olmanın eşiğinde olmak

A

Endangered
Threatened with Extinction
On the verge of extinction
Dwindling numbers or even potential extinction

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32
Q

Avlanmak

A

Poaching
Habitat loss - destruction
 food chain disruption

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33
Q

Dwindling numbers

A

Dwindling away
Dwindle down
Giderek azalan

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34
Q

It is known

A

It is acknowledged, affirmed, accepted, Undeniable that

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35
Q

Yorumlamak

A

İnterpret

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36
Q

Gelir

A

Revenue
income
earning
profit
yield

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37
Q

Gider harcama

A

Expense
Expenditure
Spending
Outgoing
Outlay
Cost

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38
Q

Achieved / Received The highest… From all the 4 companies

grabbed The highest share of
Ranked fifth

Revealed a positive trend

Second highest revenue source, brought in …. of overall…

It stood at only

It experienced a more than threefold increase to %10.

Holding a constant proportion of that rate at 12%

The energy produced by coal comprised of 29% and experienced a very slight increase of about 1% in 2005

There was an approximate of 5% increase in both… And reached respectively

A
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39
Q
A

Distinct trend of
Wide disparity between
 revealed a positive trend
From an overall perspective

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40
Q

Drastic change = Major change

A
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41
Q

The rising trend was less obvious with a minor increase of 30 usd

A
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42
Q

Doğum / doğum oranı

A

Birth
Nativity
Childbearing
Given births
Fertility rate
Natality

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43
Q

Ölüm oranı

A

Mortality rate
Fatality

Morbidity and mortality (hastalık ve ölim oranı)

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44
Q

İşlenmemiş/ ham

A

Uncultivated
Unlaboured

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45
Q

Kaplama

A

Coating
Veneered (kapli olmak)
Subsequently overcoated ( sonradan kaplanan)

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46
Q

Güzelliğini bozmak
Leke kusur

A

Blemish

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47
Q

Albeit

A

Though

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48
Q

Çapa

A

Anchor

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49
Q

Özen

A

Diligence
Elaborately (özenle, ayrıntılı- with caution)
Elaboration (özenle oluşturulmuş şey)

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50
Q

Büfe

A

Sideboard

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51
Q

Canlandırmak, uyarmak, tahrik etmek

A

Stimulate

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52
Q

Kökenli, kaynaklı, -den elde edilen

A

Originated from, by

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53
Q

Öngörmek

A

Foresee
Predict
Project
Forecast
Estimate

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54
Q

Verb for Research

A

Conduct
Carry out

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55
Q

Memnun olmak

A

Delighted
satisfied
pleased
glad
Content

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56
Q

Gök
Göksel

A

Firmament
Firmamently

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57
Q

Çözüm bulmak

A

Bring a solution to a matter
Produce crate find a solution
Work out
Pull something (a rabbit) out of the heart

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58
Q

Bir şeyi iyi kötü kullanabilecek kadar bilmek

A

Have a working knowledge of

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59
Q

Ders çıkarmak

A

Learn from one’s mistakes
Derive lesson From mistakes

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60
Q

İki ucu boklu degnek

A

A double edge sword

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61
Q

Hem iyi hem kötü

A

Both good and bad
A curate’s egg
Mixed blessing
A boon and a bane

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62
Q

Altogether (both good and bad)

A

For better or for worse
ups and downs
Highs or lows 

It is our experiments with us highs and lows all together that makes us who we are

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63
Q

Bir kelimenin birisi tarafından ilk defa kullanıldığını ifade ederken

A

Was first used by
Was coined by

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64
Q

Hepberaver

A

Altogether 
Completely
Wholly
Totally
Entirely

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65
Q

Iltifat etmek

A

Praise
Compliment

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66
Q

Rahatsız edici

A

Disturbant
Annoying

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67
Q

Bulaşıcı

A

Infectious
Contagious
Communicable diseases

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68
Q

Önyargı

A

Presumption
Prejudice
Prejudgement
Fore judge
Preconceived opinion

  • It is often based on stereotypes
  • It is harder to crack a prejudice than an atom
  • Prejudice is ignorance
  • Kill someone with extreme prejudice (yargısız infaz)
  • overcome prejudice
    Widespread prejudice
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69
Q

Gelenekleri aktarmak

A

In passing on our traditions

Transmitting social memes

Conway cultural norms that have maintaining the fabric of society

Handed down between generations

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70
Q

Bring back memories and feelings
Anmak

A

Commemorate an event
evoke

71
Q

Somutlaştırmak

A

Embody

72
Q

Traditional shanties and dirges

A

Very traditional songs

73
Q

Gelenek - değer

A

Custom
Tradition
Folkway
Morals
Values

74
Q

Spreading of cultures between nations

A

Cultural diffusion

75
Q

Kültürel değerler örnek + vocab

A

Traditional cultural events:
Religious ceremonies or rituals
Military parades
Other social memes (public duty)

Folklore: old stories like myths
Traditional shanties and dirges (very traditional songs)

76
Q

Miras

A

Heritage
Legacy
Inheritance

77
Q

Orta çağa özgü

A

Medieval

78
Q

Traditions requires

A

Involvement to be contemporary
Outdated
Old fashion

79
Q

Mecaz anlamda

Geleneksel olarak
Nesilden nesile geçerek

A

Metaphorically
Figure of speech
Figuratively speaking

Tralatitiously

80
Q

Antonym for ‘realism’ in art

A

Abstract art

81
Q

Someone who is very interested in art

A

Culture vulture

82
Q

Mecaz anlamda
Mecazen konusursak

A

Figurative meaning
Figurative speaking

83
Q

Parasallaştırmak

A

Monetizing

84
Q

Ticarileştirme

A

Commercialization

Mini traditional customs are modified for commercialization and end up losing their originality and value

85
Q

Kürek sporu

A

Rowing

86
Q

Koşu

A

Jogging

87
Q

Seyirci izleyici

A

Spectators
audience
viewer

88
Q

Full of

A

Filled with

89
Q

Hooligan

A

Fanatic supporter and followers

90
Q

Yarış

A

Race
contest
competition

91
Q

Yarışmak

A

Race - compete with or against

Enter into rivalry with or against



92
Q

Rakipler

A

Rivals
Opponents
Competitors

93
Q

Yarışta birinci sıra ve yarışta diğer rakipler ile arayı açmak anlamında bir fiil

A

PACE

94
Q

Birine ayak uydurmak

A

Accommodate one’s pace
Keep pace with

95
Q

Volta atmak

A

Pace back-and-forth
Pace up-and-down

96
Q

Bir şeyi adımla ölçmek

A

Pace something

97
Q

Kazanmak / -i yenmek

A

Win
Beat
Gain
Pull of

Triumphing over

98
Q

Bedeli ağır galibiyet

kazananı kaybedenene kıyasla daha zararlı çıkan savaş veya iki tarafında zararlı çıktığı savaş

A

Pyrrhic victory

Cod-mean victory

99
Q

Kolay galibiyet
açık ara kolayca kazanılan galibiyet

A

Ramp to victory
Walkover/blowout

100
Q

Galibiyet serisi

A

Streak of wins/winning streak

Three-peat: Üstüste üçüncü galibiyet

101
Q

Zar zor kazanılan galibiyet

A

Purple victory

102
Q

Son anda kazanmak

A

Snatch victory from the jaws of defeat

103
Q

Son anda kaybetmek

A

Snatch defeat from the jaws of victory

104
Q

Yenilmek

A

Be defeated 
Beaten by
Succumb to

105
Q

Kasten yenilmek

A

Fall/ throw a game

106
Q

Berabere biten maç

A

Draw
Tied game
Drawn game 

107
Q

Uzatılmış

A

Prolonged

108
Q

Hafif ağrı


A

Dull pain

109
Q

Zonklama hissi

A

Throbbing sensation

110
Q

Keskin acı

A

Sharp sensation/pain

111
Q

Fakirleştirmek, yoksullaştırmak

A

İmpoverish

112
Q

Sınıflandırma

A

Classification
Assortment
Taxonomy

113
Q

Etiket

A

Label

114
Q

Parasal

A

Monetary

115
Q

Yoksullaşmış

A

Impoverished

116
Q

Eşitsizlik

A

İnequality

117
Q

Gösterge

A

İndicators

118
Q

Sanitary (sağlıkla ilgili)
Sanitation (sağlığa uygun bir duruma getirme, sağlık önlemleri, temizlik işleri, sağlık hizmetleri)

A
119
Q

Rastlamak

A

Run into
Encounter

120
Q

İdame ettirmek
Sürdürmek

A

Maintain
Pursue
Retain
Continue
Sustain
Perpetuate

It also perpetuates stereotypes about people who come from the so-called developing world as backward, lazy, ignorant, irresponsible

121
Q

Faydalanmak,  Kendi çıkarı için kullanmak, istifade etmek

A

Take advantage off
Make use of
Benefit from
Exploit (sömürmek)
Utilize

122
Q

Özür diler gibi
Mazeret göstererek

A

Apologetically

123
Q

Siyasete bulanmış

A

Tinged with politics

124
Q

Sahiplenici

A

Possessive

125
Q

Kaldırım

A

Pavement
sidewalk
footway
footpath

126
Q

Araç yolu

A

Roadside
vehicle track

127
Q

The area between city center in Greenbelt

A

Zone of transition

128
Q

A group of islands

A

Archipelago

129
Q

Bataklık

A

Bog
Marsh
Swamp

130
Q

Çit

A

Hedge

131
Q

Boğaz (denizde)

A

Strait

132
Q

Highest point of mountain

A

Summit

133
Q

Emptiness on the island
If there is no significant touristic facility that means the island is…..

A

Barren island
Deserted island

134
Q

Fertile
Lush

A

Bereketli 


135
Q

Doğum oranı

A

Fertility
natality
birth rate
Given births
childbearing

136
Q

Ölüm oranı için

A

Mortality
Fatality 

137
Q

Buzdolabı
Soğutucu

A

Freezer and refrigerator

Cooler and refrigerant

Refrigeration is a process of removing heat which means cooling an area or a substance below the environmental temperature

138
Q

Tramvay

A

Trams
Tram vehicles

139
Q

Kamyonculuk endüstrisi

A

Trucking industry

140
Q

Substance

A

Madde
Partikül
Cisim

141
Q

Grasp

A

Kavramak
İdrak etmek
Anlamak

142
Q

Tudor Concentrated his efforts on bringing blah blah

A
143
Q

Muazzam
Çok büyük
Kocaman

A

Enormous
tremendous
huge

144
Q

Zahmetli

A

Troublesome
demanding

145
Q

The adverse effect

A

Ters etki

146
Q

Ölümcül kaza

A

Lethal accidents
Fatal accident

147
Q

Spill the beans

A

Baklayı ağzından çıkarmak

148
Q

Anlaşmak (sözleşme değil geçinmek anlamında)

A

Get along

149
Q

Muazzam / koskocaman

A

Tremendous
Enormous

150
Q

Aksaklık

Sekte

A

Disruption
Hitch
Malfunction

Interruption

151
Q

Asıl sebep

A

Major cause/factor
Mainspring
Predominant
External factor
Men origins
First and foremost

152
Q

Tamamlayıcı sebepler

A

Underactor
secondary
circumstantial
subsidiary
accessory

153
Q

Bozulma

A

Disruption
Breakdown

154
Q

İyileştirmek

Kötüleştirmek

(Durumu)

A

Ameliorated
exacerbate

Can be Ameliorated by coordinated action

155
Q

Just enough to live on

A

Subsistence level of

Can be lived at a subsistence level

156
Q

Adverse

A

Olumsuz - damaging
elverişsiz - unfavourable
muhalefet- opposition

Adverse effects

157
Q

Ağır

A

Severe

Severe punishment or penalty
Severe depression or trauma
Severe climate or winter cold
Severe are conditions/economic crisis
Severe restriction
Severe criticism

158
Q

STT

A

Expiry date

159
Q

Eklemek

Yedek

A

Supplement

Substitute/replacement

160
Q

Kabul edilmelidir ki

A

Admittedly

161
Q

Mıymıntı (sluggish) veya uyku bastırmış kişi (heavy headed)

A

Drowsy

162
Q

-den kaynaklanmak gibi

A

Stem from

While they are undoubted benefits, various negative effects stem from this too

163
Q

Protect

A

Preserve
Safe guard

164
Q

A very high level of supply or availability of something

A

An abundance

Abundance of natural resources such as Lance, wildlife forestry, water bodies/lakes, rivers, Reservoir

165
Q

State of the art

A

Son model
Gelişme seviyesi (sanat veya teknoloji için)

166
Q

Sağlıklı yaşam süresi

A

Health span

167
Q

Hastalık

A

Disorder
İllness
İll health (sağlık sorunları) suffer

168
Q

İş stresi

A

İntense work pressure

169
Q

Den kaynaklanan

A

Stemming from

170
Q

Beraberinde gelen
Eşlik eden ifadeleri

A

Concomitant factors
Co-existing conditions
Accompany
Concurrent elements

171
Q

Yayılmak

A

Spread
Dispers
Disseminate

172
Q

Often yerine

A

Frequently

173
Q

Eşit şekilde

A

Equivalently

İELTS (3 decks)

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