IELTS Vocab - U1 TO U3 Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
ca thin string or strip of leather used to fasten shoes
(noun)
My … came undone/untied.
A
shoelace
/ˈʃuː.leɪs/
2
Q
the character who tells you what is happening in a book or film
(noun, C2)
Michael Caine is the … in the documentary film.
A
narrator
/ˈner.eɪ.t̬ɚ/
3
Q
A … of something is the same thing written or spoken using different words, often in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer
(noun)
I am sure that he will tell me if my … is inaccurate.
A
paraphrase
/ˈper.ə.freɪz/
4
Q
relating to mathematics
(adjective, B2)
a … formula
a … equation/problem/calculation
a … genius (= a person who is exceptionally good at mathematics)
They claim 65% of people agree and 45% disagree - a … impossibility.
A
mathematical
/ˌmæθˈmæt̬.ɪ.kəl/
5
Q
similar to each other
(adjective, B1)
The children all look very … .
A
alike
/əˈlaɪk/
6
Q
If a group of people are …, they all help and support each other
(adjective)
a … family/community
A
close-knit
/ˌkloʊsˈnɪt/
7
Q
the ability to wait, or to continue doing something despite difficulties, or to suffer without complaining or becoming annoyed
(noun, B2)
You have to have a lot of … when you’re dealing with kids.
In the end I lost my … and shouted at her.
He’s a good teacher, but he doesn’t have much … with the slower pupils.
Making small-scale models takes/requires a great deal of … .
Their youngest son was beginning to try my … (= annoy me).
… - they’ll be here soon!
A
patience
/ˈpeɪ.ʃəns/
8
Q
the part of your character that affects your moods and the way you behave
(noun)
[ C ] Their … are very different.
[ U ] Trudy has the nicest … of all our dogs.
A
temperament
/ˈtem.prə.mənt/
9
Q
except
The form cannot be signed by anyone … … you.
A
other than
10
Q
a state of total confusion with no order
(noun, B2)
Snow and ice have caused … on the roads.
Ever since our secretary walked out, the office has been in a state of total/utter … .
We muddled up the name labels and … ensued (= resulted).
A
chaos
/ˈkeɪ.ɑːs/
11
Q
in a state of chaos
(adjective, C1)
The house is a bit … at the moment - we’ve got all these extra people staying and we’re still decorating.
He’s a … sort of a person - always trying to do twenty things at once.
A
chaotic
/keɪˈɑː.t̬ɪk/
12
Q
the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it
(noun, C2)
All his … told him to stay near the car and wait for help.
[ + to infinitive ] Her first … was to run.
It is … that tells the birds when to begin their migration.
(figurative) Bob seems to have an … for (= is naturally good at) knowing which products will sell.
A
instinct
/ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/
13
Q
A … person is determined to do what he or she wants and refuses to do anything else
(adjective, B2)
They have huge arguments because they’re both so … .
A
stubborn
/ˈstʌb.ɚn/
14
Q
to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents
(verb, C2)
Rosie … her red hair from her mother.
A
inherit
/ɪnˈher.ɪt/
15
Q
behaving or feeling in the way that a mother does towards her child, especially in a kind, loving way
… also means related by way of the mother
(adjective)
… instincts
She is very … towards her employees.
Her … grandmother (= mother’s mother) is still alive.
A
maternal
/məˈtɝː.nəl/
16
Q
coming from or relating to someone’s father or his side of the family
typical of or like a father, especially a kind father
(adjective)
He’s very … with the baby.
… authority
My … grandparents (= my father’s parents) were Irish.
A general mixing of maternal and … genes occurs at conception.
A
paternal
/pəˈtɝː.nəl/
17
Q
your closest relations, such as your parents, children, husband, or wife
He was the first member of … … … to attend university.
A
your immediate family
18
Q
a party or a meeting when many people come together as a group
(noun,C1)
There will be a … of world leaders in Vienna next month.
a social … (= when people meet for pleasure not work)
A
gathering
/ˈɡæð.ɚ.ɪŋ/
19
Q
If something is … … something else, it changes according to the speed or level of the other thing
If something is … … a particular subject, it is connected with it
(C2)
The amount of petrol a car uses is … … its speed.
Are these documents … … the discussion?
A
relative to
20
Q
continuing for a long period of time
(adjective, C2)
a … friendship
A
long-lasting
/ˌlɑːŋˈlæs.tɪŋ/
21
Q
having existed for a long time
(adjective)
a … agreement
A
long-standing
/ˌlɑːŋˈstæn.dɪŋ/
22
Q
connected in such a way that each thing has an effect on or depends on the other
(adjective)
… problems/issues/activities
Anxiety and depression are often … .
A
interrelated
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚ.rɪˈleɪ.t̬ɪd/
23
Q
If two or more facts, numbers, etc. correlate or are …, there is a relationship between them
(verb)
Stress levels and heart disease are strongly … (= connected).
A
correlate
/ˈkɔːr.ə.leɪt/
24
Q
a connection or relationship between two or more facts, numbers, etc.
(noun)
There’s a … between smoking and cancer.
A
correlation
/ˌkɔːr.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
25
an important skill that is needed to do a job
(noun)
managerial ...
competency
/ˈkɑːm.pə.t̬ən.si/
26
to make many different things work effectively as a whole
(verb)
We need someone to ... the whole campaign.
A number of charities are ... their efforts to distribute food to the region.
coordinate
/koʊˈɔːr.dən.eɪt/
27
a child who is not old enough to go to formal school
(noun)
preschooler
/ˈpriːˌskuː.lɚ/
28
the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult
(noun)
She had a troubled ... .
yet another novel about the joys and sorrows of ...
adolescence
/ˌæd.əˈles.əns/
29
a brother or sister
(noun,C2)
I have four ...: three brothers and a sister.
There was great ... rivalry (= competition) between Peter and his brother.
sibling
/ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/
30
to give what is needed to someone
(verb)
... with: We always try to ... (= help) our clients with financial assistance if necessary.
The new policies fail to ... people with disabilities.
accommodate
/əˈkɑː.mə.deɪt/
31
to continue to exist for a long time
(verb)
The political system established in 1400 ... until about 1650. (formal)
endure
/ɪnˈdʊr/
32
If a system, relationship, or discussion ... ..., it fails because there is a problem or disagreement.
break down
33
friendly and easy to talk to
(adjective)
Graham's always very ... - why don't you talk the problem over with him?
approachable
/əˈproʊ.tʃə.bəl/
34
alone
(idiom)
Bridget learned to tie her shoes ... ... ... when she was three.
I don’t mind going to the movies ... ... ...
on your own
35
to make someone decide to say or do something
(C2)
What ... you to say that?
I don't know what ... him to leave.
The success of the movie ... the studio to dust off his previous script.
It was my high blood pressure that ... me to embark on a new exercise regimen.
The conversation ... me to examine some of my own prejudices.
There was a string of accounting scandals, ... lawmakers to introduce several reform bills.
prompt someone to do something
/prɑːmpt/
36
involving discussion
(adjective)
a ... essay
discursive
/dɪˈskɝː.sɪv/
37
in a way that offers a choice between two or more things
(adverb)
We could go to the Mexican restaurant, or ... (= instead of that), we could try that new Italian place.
alternatively
/ɑːlˈtɝː.nə.t̬ɪv.li/
38
(in a system for dividing things according to appearance, quality, etc.) a type, or a group of things having some features that are the same
(noun, B2)
There are three ... of accommodation - standard, executive, and deluxe.
category
/ˈkæt̬.ə.ɡri/
39
to write something down or remember it carefully
(idiom, C1)
I'll just ... ... ... of your name and address.
She ... ... mental ... of the title.
... ... ... to call again next week.
make/take a note
40
written, created, or done using only one language
(adjective)
This is a ... dictionary.
Only ... English sentences were used and mixed Korean and English utterances were excluded from the analysis.
monolingual
/ˌmɑː.noʊˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/
41
to discover or describe the exact facts about something
(verb, C2)
It is not possible to ... precisely the time of death.
pinpoint
/ˈpɪn.pɔɪnt/
42
not showing fairness or respect to other people, especially towards the opposing team or player when playing sport
(adjective)
unsportsmanlike
/ʌnˈspɔːrts.mən.laɪk/
43
(of words and phrases) to often be used together in a way that sounds correct to people who have spoken the language all their lives, but might not be expected from the meaning
(verb)
collocate
/ˈkɑː.lə.keɪt/
44
to cause someone a disadvantage
(verb)
The present tax system ... poor people.
The system should ensure that borrowers are not ... by sudden rises in mortgage rates.
penalize
/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
45
not thinking enough or not worrying about the possible results of what you do
(adjective, B2)
[ + to infinitive ] It would be ... to ignore these warnings.
irresponsible
/ˌɪr.əˈspɑːn.sə.bəl/
46
having patience
(adjective, B1)
Dinner will be ready in half an hour - just be ...!
Be ... with her - she's very young.
patient
/ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/
47
willing to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them
(adjective, C1)
The present government is even less ... of dissent.
People in Italy are more .. of children in public places than in Britain.
tolerant
/ˈtɑː.lɚ.ənt/
48
wishing to protect someone, especially a child, too much
(adjective)
The children of ... parents often do not develop the skills they need to take care of themselves when they leave home.
overprotective
/ˌoʊ.vɚ.prəˈtek.tɪv/
49
If someone is ..., they are difficult to control and do not behave in the way that is expected
(adjective, C1)
Her teachers regard her as a ..., trouble-making girl.
rebellious
/rɪˈbel.i.əs/
50
allowing someone to have more of something enjoyable than is good for them
(adjective)
In part, the researchers pointed to ... adults for raising children to believe they are "special" no matter what they do.
overindulgent
/ˌoʊ.vɚ.ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt/
51
containing too many people or things
(adjective, C1)
... cities/prisons/schools
The world market for telecommunications is already ... with businesses.
overcrowded
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈkraʊ.dɪd/
52
too easily upset
(adjective)
I think you're being a little ... - she didn't mean it as a criticism.
oversensitive
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv/
53
not done or happening when expected or when needed; late
(adjective)
My library books are a week ... .
The baby is two weeks ... (= the baby was expected to be born two weeks ago).
Changes to the tax system are long ... .
She feels she's ... for promotion.
overdue
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈduː/
54
not liked by many people
(adjective, B2)
Night flights from the airport are ... .
The president is becoming increasingly ... .
unpopular
/ʌnˈpɑː.pjə.lɚ/
55
not probable or likely to happen
(adjective, B1)
[ + (that) ] It's pretty ... (that) they'll turn up now - it's nearly ten o'clock.
unlikely
/ʌnˈlaɪ.kli/
56
annoyed or unhappy
(adjective, formal)
I am very unhappy and ... with what I have read.
He says you weren't entirely ... at the news.
displeased
/dɪˈspliːzd/
57
extremely surprising
(adjective, B1)
She eats an ... amount of food.
You've had such bad luck it's ... .
You should see her wardrobe - it's ... - she's got about 50 pairs of shoes.
unbelievable
/ˌʌn.bɪˈliː.və.bəl/
58
a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient
(noun, B2)
Not making a will can have serious ... for your children and other family members.
Scientists think it is unlikely that any species will actually become extinct as a ... of the oil spill.
I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my hair, and look at the ...!
Well, if you insist on eating so much, you'll have to suffer/take (= accept and deal with) the ...!
consequence
/ˈkɑːn.sə.kwəns/
59
to refuse to obey rules or people in authority
(verb, B2)
Jacob ... against his parents' plans for him and left school at the age of 16.
If you are too strict with teenagers, they often ... .
rebel
/rɪˈbel/
60
easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry
(adjective, B2)
Her reply showed that she was very ... to criticism.
He was very ... about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.
sensitive
/ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv/
61
too; very
(adverb)
Earlier sales forecasts were ... optimistic.
His films have been criticized for being ... violent.
overly
/ˈoʊ.vɚ.li/
62
nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions
(adjective, C1)
He looked uncomfortable, like a ... adolescent.
self-conscious
/ˌselfˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
63
extremely important or necessary
(adjective, B2)
a ... decision/question
Her work has been ... to the project's success.
[ + that ] It is ... that the problem is tackled immediately.
crucial
/ˈkruː.ʃəl/
64
in a way that relates to the emotions
(adverb, B2)
Many children have become ... disturbed as a result of the abuse they have suffered.
He was not an ... stable person.
emotionally
/ɪˈmoʊ.ʃən.əl.i/
65
in or relating to a social situation
(adverb)
I chat to him at work now and then but I've never seen him ... .
..., she's a disaster - she's always offending someone or picking a fight.
... they're a great company to work for - I've never been to so many parties in my life.
socially
/ˈsoʊ.ʃəl.i/
66
a change from one form or type to another, or the process by which this happens
(noun, C2)
The health-care system is in ... at the moment.
There will be an interim government to oversee the ... to democracy.
transition
/trænˈzɪʃ.ən/
67
relating to physical objects or money rather than emotions or the spiritual world
(adjective)
the ... world
... wealth never interested her.
material
/məˈtɪr.i.əl/
68
existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material object
(adjective, B2)
Truth and beauty are ... concepts.
abstract
/ˈæb.strækt/
69
the time when someone is a baby or a very young child
(noun, C2, U)
Her youngest child died in ... .
infancy
/ˈɪn.fən.si/
70
a sudden and short period of increased activity, effort, or speed
(noun)
a child’s growth ...
Penn State ended the game with a 10–4 ... (= period of scoring).
spurt
/spɜrt/
71
Something that is ... is too big or complicated to be dealt with easily
(adjective)
She would be at the mercy of a ... bureaucracy.
clumsy
/ˈklʌm.zi/
72
the process of thinking about something in order to make a decision
(noun, C2)
The ... behind her conclusion is impossible to fault.
reasoning
/ˈriː.zən.ɪŋ/
73
in a way that is imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true
(adverb)
Any electronic voting system is ... hackable.
... speaking, caffeine does affect circulation.
hypothetically
/ˌhaɪ.pəˈθet̬.ɪ.kəl.i/
74
in a way that shows all the characteristics that you would expect from the stated person, thing, or group
(adverb)
She has that reserve and slight coldness of manner which is ... English.
Paul, in his ... blunt manner, told him he wasn't interested.
typically
/ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/
75
having no equal; better or greater than any other
(adjective, formal)
They enjoyed success on a scale ... by any previous rock band.
unparalleled
/ʌnˈper.əl.eld/
76
having developed too much
(adjective)
I don't like body builders who are so ... you can see the veins in their bulging muscles.
overdeveloped
/ˌoʊ.vɚ.dɪˈvel.əpt/
77
sticking out in a rounded shape
(adjective)
She dragged her ... suitcase up the stairs.
big, ... eyes
bulging
/ˈbʌl.dʒɪŋ/
78
used to describe an adult who behaves like a child
(adjective, disapproving)
They're acting like ... kids.
UK Jim is just an ... schoolboy.
overgrown
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈɡroʊn/
79
the practice of storing a large supply of something for future use
(noun)
Increasing instability is encouraging ... .
Why is there this ... of arms and ammunition?
stockpiling
/ˈstɑːk.paɪ.lɪŋ/
80
an action that is done to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous happening
(noun, C1)
Many people have been stockpiling food as a ... against shortages.
They failed to take the necessary ... to avoid infection.
precaution
/prɪˈkɑː.ʃən/
81
used to emphasize how bad a situation is
(adverb)
The safety precautions taken by large resort hotels are often ... inadequate for the number of people who stay there.
The school's textbooks are ... out of date.
woefully
/ˈwoʊ.fəl.i/
82
the state of being completely grown physically
(noun)
How long does it take for the chicks to grow to ...?
maturity
/məˈtʊr.ə.t̬i/
83
of or relating to children who are between about three and five years old and have not yet gone to school, and their activities
(adjective)
a ... playgroup
... children/toys
preschool
/ˈpriː.skuːl/
84
not behaving in a way that is as calm and wise as people expect from someone of your age
(adjective, C2)
Stop being so silly and ..., Chris!
She's rather ... for her age, don't you think?
immature
/ˌɪm.əˈtʊr/
85
Mature people behave like adults in a way that shows they are well developed emotionally
(adjective, B2)
He's very ... for his age.
mature
/məˈtʊr/
86
moving slightly from side to side, as if you might fall
(adjective)
She's been in bed with flu, and she's still a little ... on her feet.
unsteady
/ʌnˈsted.i/
87
a small vehicle like a bicycle with two wheels at the back and one at the front, used especially by young children
(noun)
Our three-year-old loves her red ... .
tricycle
/ˈtraɪ.sə.kəl/
88
a feeling of liking for a person or place
(noun, B2)
She felt no ... for the child.
He had a deep ... for his aunt.
affection
/əˈfek.ʃən/
89
in a way that is natural, often sudden, and not planned or forced
(adverb)
This story may prompt you to burst ... into uncontrollable sobs.
spontaneously
/spɑːnˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/
90
a sudden period of uncontrolled anger like a young child's
(noun)
Charlie had/threw a ... in the shop because I wouldn't buy him any sweets.
If she doesn't get her own way she has temper ... .
tantrum
/ˈtæn.trəm/
91
a young child, especially one who is learning or has recently learned to walk
(noun, C2)
Are these toys suitable for ...?
toddler
/ˈtɑːd.lɚ/
92
connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
(adjective)
Some of her ... functions have been impaired.
... behaviour/development
... psychology
cognitive
/ˈkɑːɡ.nə.t̬ɪv/
93
in a particular person's opinion
(phrase)
... ... ... ... ..., feng shui doesn't work.
... ... ... ... ..., education is education whether it happens inside or outside the classroom.
... ... ... ... ..., learning English was the most important thing.
... ... ... Louise ... ..., Will wasn't paying her enough attention.
... ... ... he ... ..., the blame for his financial woes lay with the state.
as far as someone is concerned
94
if we are discussing or thinking about a particular thing
(phrase)
... ... ... unemployment's ..., a change of policy on job creation would be a good idea.
We've done very badly ... ... ... planning ... ....
Allowing people to bring in large bags is a risk ... ... ... safety ... ....
The club has an important place in the community ... ... ... golf ... ....
... ... ... the weather's ..., I'd stay indoors today, if I were you.
as far as something is concerned
95
without being helped by anyone or anything
(adjective)
She decided on an ... birth at home.
Base jumpers using special wing suits have shown that ... human flight is possible.
The work was performed by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, ... by electrical amplification.
Ventilators are used to assist with or substitute for breathing when a patient cannot breathe ... .
unassisted
/ˌʌn.əˈsɪs.tɪd/
96
in relation to something
(idiom)
We try to do what is best for our customers ... the quality of our products.
in terms of something
97
relating to parents or to being a parent
(adjective)
... advice/influence
The government repeatedly stressed its support for ... choice in the selection of a child's school.
parental
/pəˈren.t̬əl/
98
to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something
(verb, C1, [ T ])
Some of the younger pop bands try to ... their musical heroes from the past.
They produce artificial chemicals which exactly ... particular natural ones.
imitate
/ˈɪm.ə.teɪt/
99
for a very short time
(adverb)
She was ... confused by the foreign road signs.
momentarily
/ˌmoʊ.mənˈter.əl.i/
100
to pretend or imagine
(phrase)
Let's ... ...(that) we're pirates.
Let the children ... ... they're film stars.
We can't close our eyes and ... ... that climate change doesn't exist.
I tried to carry on with my life and ... ... I didn't have cancer.
They've just ignored the coup and are ... ... that everything's normal.
make believe
101
If something happens on ... days, it happens every second day
(adjective, C1)
Private cars are banned from the city on ... days.
alternate
/ˈɑːl.tɝː.nət/
102
basic or main; standard or regular
(adjective)
The ... diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes.
Prices of ... foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.
Her latest film is the ... offering of action and comedy that we have come to expect.
staple
/ˈsteɪ.pəl/
103
needing a large amount of effort
(adjective, adverb, C2)
It'll be an ... struggle/battle/fight to get the new proposals accepted.
uphill
/ˌʌpˈhɪl/
104
a substance that is added to food in order to improve its taste or appearance or to keep it fresh and stop it from decaying
(noun)
food ...
This margarine is full of ...- just look at the label!
additive
/ˈæd.ə.t̬ɪv/
105
already wrapped or in a container
(adjective)
Britons spend more than £3 billion a year on ... sandwiches.
pre-packaged
106
to make large twisting movements with the body
(verb)
The pain was so unbearable that he was ... in agony.
She was ... around/about on the ground.
writhe
/raɪð/
107
physically violent and frightening
(adjective)
a ... attack/battle
Two men were shot during ... fighting last weekend.
fierce
/fɪrs/
108
a long, angry look
(noun, C2)
She gave me a fierce ... .
glare
/ɡler/
109
extreme physical or mental pain or suffering
(noun)
She lay there screaming in ....
I was in an ...of suspense.
We've both suffered ... of guilt over what happened.
It must be ... for them to say goodbye.
agony
/ˈæɡ.ə.ni/
110
the feeling of excitement or nervousness that you have when you are waiting for something to happen and are uncertain about what it is going to be
(noun, C2)
She kept him in ... for several days before she said that she would marry him.
The ... is killing me (= I am extremely eager to know what is going to happen).
There is a gradual build-up of ... throughout the film, until it comes to an unexpected ending.
suspense
/səˈspens/
111
(of a baby or small child) to grow teeth
(verb)
My sister was up most of the night with her baby who's ....
teethe
/tiːð/
112
to form words with the lips without making any sound
(verb)
I mouthed a single word, "Please."
mouth
/mɑʊð/
113
to swim, especially in the sea, a river, or a lake
(verb)
Children suffering from the illness had ... in sea water contaminated by sewage.
bathe
/beɪð/
114
to tie a bandage around an injury or part of someone's body, or put bandages on someone or something
(verb,[ T ] )
They ... his wounds.
bandage
/ˈbæn·dɪdʒ/
115
a condition in which bacteria or viruses that cause disease have entered the body
(noun)
a serious ...
a throat ...
Bandage the wound to reduce the risk of ....
infection
/ɪnˈfek.ʃən/
116
(of a disease) able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another
(adjective, C2)
an ... disease
infectious
/ɪnˈfek.ʃəs/
117
suggested as being good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or suggested as an action that should be done
(adjective)
t is dangerous to take more than the ... dose of this medicine.
She is a highly ... architect.
recommended
/ˌrek.əˈmen.dɪd/
118
several and different
(adjective, [ not gradable ])
He underwent ... treatments for the disease, none of them successful.
We enjoy eating in ... types of restaurants.
After holding ... jobs in different states, he settled in Oregon and opened a law office in Portland.
various
/ˈveər·i·əs, ˈvær-/
119
of many different types
(adjective)
This book has been written for a large and ... audience.
varied
/ˈver.ɪd/
120
extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health
(adjective, C1)
She was not just overweight; she was clinically ... .
obese
/oʊˈbiːs/
121
the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health
(noun, C1)
The National Institute of Health is discussing ways of tackling the problem of childhood ....
A diet that is high in fat and sugar can lead to ....
obesity
/oʊˈbiː.sə.t̬i/
122
able to be prevented
(adjective)
... accidents/injuries
preventable
/prɪˈven.t̬ə.bəl/
123
intended to stop something before it happens
(adjective, C2)
In the past ten years, ... measures have radically reduced levels of tooth decay in children.
... medicine
preventive
/prɪˈven.t̬ɪv/
124
to provide people or living things with food in order to make them grow and keep them healthy
(verb, [ T ])
Children need plenty of good fresh food to ... them.
She looks happy and well ... .
This cream is supposed to help ... your skin.
nourish
/ˈnɝː.ɪʃ/
125
containing many of the substances needed for life and growth
(adjective, C1)
a ... diet
Raw spinach is especially ... .
nutritious
/nuːˈtrɪʃ.əs/
126
the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health
(noun, C1)
Good ... is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
improvements in ...
nutrition
/nuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/
127
to clean something using chemicals that kill bacteria and other very small living things that cause disease
(verb)
... the toilets/a wound
disinfect
/ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfekt/
128
to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant
(verb, [ T ], C1)
The ward was full of children ... with TB.
All the tomato plants are ... with a virus.
infect
/ɪnˈfekt/
129
to move air into and out of the lungs
(verb, B1 [ I or T ])
It's so airless in here - I can hardly ... .
The instructor told us to ... in deeply and then .. out slowly.
I'm sorry if I'm ... (= blowing out air containing) garlic fumes all over you!
breathe
/briːð/
130
the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes
(noun, B2 [ U ])
a slow/fast ...
When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her ....
Could you slow down - I can't keep ... with (= walk or run as fast as) you.
For many years this company has set the ... (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.
These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a ... .
I don't like the ... of modern life.
pace
/peɪs/
131
to continue doing something, or to cause something to continue
(phrasal verb)
Let's ... ... this discussion at some other time.
(UK) ... ... the good work!
Sorry to interrupt, please ... ... (with what you were saying).
You just have to ... ... as if nothing's happened.
[ + -ing verb ] Steve just ... ... playing on his computer.
Daphne is ... ... the family tradition by becoming a lawyer.
carry (something) on
132
to become completely well again after an illness or injury
(verb)
It took her a long time to ... from/after her heart operation.
He never really ... from the shock of his wife dying.
recover
/rɪˈkʌv.ɚ/
133
to do something in a way that is too extreme
(verb, C1)
After a heart attack you have to be careful not to ... it/things (= you have to work and live calmly).
overdo
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈduː/
134
in a quick, energetic way
(adverb)
She walked ... into town.
Beat the eggs whites ... until soft peaks form.
"Let's get it over with," he said ... .
briskly
/ˈbrɪsk.li/
135
If you ... ... an unpleasant feeling, you get rid of it by doing something energetic
(phrasal verb)
She ... ... stress by running for at least half an hour every day.
work something off
136
by a great amount
(phrase, B2)
They are ... ... the best students in the class.
Ending that relationship was ... ... the hardest thing I've ever had to do.
Our economy is the fastest growing in the region ... ....
She is ... ... the richest woman in Britain.
That assignment was ... ...the most dangerous of his career.
by far
137
not each one in a series, but every two
(idiom)
The conference used to be held every year, but now it takes place ... ... year.
We get together ... ... Saturday for lunch.
every other something
138
a book or set of books containing many articles arranged in alphabetical order that deal either with the whole of human knowledge or with a particular part of it, or a similar set of articles on the internet
(noun)
The Cambridge ... of Language
The library was full of dictionaries, ... , poetry, and plays.
encyclopedia
/ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpiː.di.ə/
139
an increase, especially one that is gradual
(noun [ C usually singular ])
The ... of troops in the region makes war seem more likely.
build-up
/ˈbɪld.ʌp/
140
one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body
(noun)
Hardening of the coronary ... can lead to a heart attack.
artery
/ˈɑːr.t̬ɚ.i/
141
a sudden and short period of illness
(noun)
an ... of asthma/flu/malaria
(figurative) an ... of the giggles
attack
/əˈtæk/
142
a condition that makes a person become sick or develop skin or breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or been near certain substances
(noun)
an allergy to ...
a wheat ...
allergy
/ˈæl.ɚ.dʒi/
143
the amount of a particular substance that is eaten or drunk during a particular time
(noun)
It says on the packet that four slices of this bread contains one half of your recommended daily ... of fibre.
intake
144
the feeling that you want to eat food
(noun, C1)
All that walking has given me an ... .
I won't have any chocolate, thanks. It will spoil (= reduce) my ... .
I haven't got much of an ... (= I am not hungry).
The children all have healthy/good ... (= they eat a lot).
Both viruses cause fever and loss of ... .
appetite
/ˈæp.ə.taɪt/
145
to control or limit something that is not wanted
(verb, C2, [ T ])
he government should act to ... tax evasion (= illegally not paying tax)
curb
/kɝːb/
146
to want something or to want to do something
(adjective, B2)
"Did you apply for that job?" "Well, I was very ..., but I decided not to."
I was sorely (= very) ... to resign after my boss screamed at me for the second time.
be tempted
147
the amount of one type of food given to one person
(noun)
his recipe makes enough for four servings.
serving
/ˈsɜr·vɪŋ/
148
very important or most important
(adjective, B2)
a ... expert on the country's ecology
the world's ... manufacturer of audio equipment
leading
/ˈliː.dɪŋ/
149
in a way that is neither small nor large in size, amount, degree, or strength
(adverb, C2)
There's very little ... priced housing in this area.
The company remains ... profitable, but it is not making as much money as it should.
moderately
/ˈmɑː.dɚ.ət.li/
150
a group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose
(noun, B2)
The Football ...
The British Medical ...is/are campaigning for a complete ban on tobacco advertising.
association
/əˌsoʊ.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
151
the act of visualizing something or someone (= forming a picture of it in your mind)
(noun)
She spent 25 years developing self-help techniques which involve meditation and ... .
an exercise that can help you with your ... of a successful future
visualization
/ˌvɪʒ.u.əl.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/
152
to produce a new idea or plan
(phrasal verb)
I don't want to go tonight but I can't think up a good excuse.
think something up
153
a country in North Africa
(noun)
Egypt
/ˈiː.dʒɪpt/
154
a written or spoken message that reminds someone to do something
(noun, C1)
If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a ... .
[ + to infinitive ] Mum sent me off with a final ... to be back before 11 p.m.
reminder
/rɪˈmaɪn.dɚ/
155
to talk or write about past experiences that you remember with pleasure
(verb, formal)
My grandfather used to ... about his years in the navy.
reminisce
/ˌrem.əˈnɪs/
156
to wait until you know all the facts before forming an opinion or making a decision about something
The judge urged the jury to ... ... ... ... until they had heard all the evidence.
have/keep an open mind
157
When ... (clause), you cannot remember a particular thing, or you cannot remember anything
(idiom)
I tried to remember her name, but ... ... ... a complete ... /... completely ... .
your mind is a blank/goes blank
158
to make someone understand more and know more about different subjects, ideas, places, etc.
(phrase)
They say that travel ... the ... .
The Internet can give children opportunities to ... their ... .
Do you suppose the trip .. his ... in any way?
The vital thing about reading is that it ... the ... .
I hoped that all these new experiences might ... her ... .
broaden the/your mind
159
to stop someone from worrying about something
(phrase, C1)
Chris phoned to say they'd arrived safely, so that really ... ... ... ... ... .
set/put someone's mind at rest/ease
160
to be forgotten
(idiom, C2)
I forgot I'd arranged to meet Richard last night - it completely ... ... ... .
slip someone's memory/mind
161
to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision or thinking about a matter
(phrase, B2)
... ... ... how young she is, I thought she did really well.
Of course, repair work is expensive and you have to ... ... ... ... .
bear/keep something in mind
162
to be worrying about something
(idiom, C2)
Paul ... a lot ... ... ... at the moment.
have something on your mind
163
to have a plan or intention
(idiom)
id you ... anything ... ... for Helen's present?
have something in mind
164
past simple of grow
grew
165
a person that travels to a different country or place, often in order to find work
(noun)
The cities are full of ... looking for work.
migrant
/ˈmaɪ.ɡrənt/
166
the feeling of being relaxed
(noun, B1)
I go fishing for ... .
relaxation
/ˌriː.lækˈseɪ.ʃən/
167
a person who has or often gets a particular illness
(noun, C2)
Almost 50 percent of cancer ... are treated successfully.
A new drug may give new hope to thousands of hay-fever ... .
sufferer
/ˈsʌf.ɚ.ɚ/
168
in preparation for something happening
(phrase, C2)
She's even decorated the spare room ... ... ... your visit.
The CEO stepped up to the podium, and the room fell silent ... ... .
The government has hired a major law firm ... ... ... a protracted legal battle.
The company has increased its reserves ... ... ... bad times ahead.
With bad weather on the way, we boarded up our windows ... ... .
in anticipation (of)
/ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
169
the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time
(noun, C2)
Holly suffered from ... caused by stress at work.
insomnia
/ɪnˈsɑːm.ni.ə/
170
If a problem or difficulty is ..., it is not solved or ended
(adjective, formal)
he question of contracts remains ... .
unresolved
/ˌʌn.rɪˈzɑːlvd/
171
something that interrupts someone or makes someone feel worried
(noun, C1)
Residents are tired of the ... caused by the nightclub.
Phone calls are the biggest ... at work.
disturbance
/dɪˈstɝː.bəns/
172
one of the very strong and usually painful movements of the muscles in the womb that help to push the baby out of the mother's body during the process of birth
(noun, [ U ])
She was having regular strong ... every four minutes.
contraction
kənˈtræk.ʃən/
173
the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease
(noun, formal)
She has an annoying ... to find fault.
There is evidence that a ... to(wards) asthma runs in families.
predisposition
/ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
174
a disease that causes stiffness, swelling, and pain in the joints (= places where two bones are connected) of the body
(noun, [ U ])
In later life she was crippled with ... .
(rheumatoid) arthritis
/ˌruː.mə.tɔɪd ɑːrˈθraɪ.t̬əs/
175
to become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do this
(verb, C2)
Fighting around the capital has ... in the last few hours.
intensify
/ɪnˈten.sə.faɪ/
176
a mental illness in which someone eats in an uncontrolled way and in large amounts, then vomits intentionally
(noun, [ U ])
bulimia
/buːˈliː.mi.ə/
177
a serious mental illness in which a person does not eat, or eats too little, often resulting in dangerous weight loss
(noun, [ U ])
Reports of ... and other eating disorders are on the increase
anorexia nervosa
/æn.əˌrek.si.ə nɚˈvoʊ.sə/
178
to raise something or lift something up
(verb, [ T ], formal)
The platform was elevated by means of hydraulic legs.
elevate
/ˈel.ə.veɪt/
179
a unit of energy, often used as a measurement of the amount of energy that food provides
(noun, [ C ])
There are about 50 ... in an apple.
An athlete in training needs a lot of ... .
This drink can only help you to lose weight as a part of a ...-controlled diet.
He found ...-counting the best way of losing weight.
calorie
/ˈkæl.ɚ.i/
180
a gland (= organ) in the front of the neck that helps to control growth and chemical processes in the body
(noun)
... deficiency means that the ... gland is producing too little ... hormone.
thyroid (gland)
/ˈθaɪ.rɔɪd ˌɡlænd/
181
(of a person) the state of having more energy than is normal, becoming excited easily, and being unable to stay still or think about work
(noun, [ U ])
Their son has been diagnosed with a ... disorder.
He uses a sedative to control his ... .
hyperactivity
/ˌhaɪ.pɚ.ækˈtɪv.ə.t̬i/
182
a drug used to calm a person or animal or to make them sleep
(noun)
If your pet is unaccustomed to car travel, consider a mild ... to help relieve its anxiety.
sedative
/ˈsed.ə.t̬ɪv/
183
in, forming, or relating to the abdomen
(adjective)
... pains
A membrane covers the ... cavity.
This exercise works your ... muscles.
abdominal
/æbˈdɑː.mə.nəl/
184
a hormone (= a chemical made in the body ) that is used in medicine to treat parts of the body that are swollen and painful
(noun, [ U ])
cortisol
/ˈkɔːr.t̬ə.zɑːl/
185
thin and healthy
(adjective, B2)
... and fit
lean
/liːn/
186
able to be easily harmed, influenced, or attacked
(adjective)
Small companies are more ... to an economic downturn.
The publishing of my personal information left me feeling very uncomfortable and ... .
exposed
/ɪkˈspoʊzd/
187
a feeling of nervousness before an important or difficult event
(noun)
You could feel the ... in the room as we waited for our exam results.
tension
/ˈten.ʃən/
188
to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect
(verb, [ T ])
Drinking a lot of water ... the dehydrating effects of hot weather.
counteract
/ˌkaʊn.t̬ɚˈækt/
189
in a way that shows a person or living thing is strong and well
(adverb)
Some people are naturally and ... thin.
The trees are able to grow normally and ... .
healthily
/ˈhel.θəl.i/
190
to be likely to do something or to often do something
(phrase)
The kitchen roof is ... ... (= likely to) leak when it rains.
She's in her eighties now and ... ... be a little forgetful.
You're ... ... use things more if they're within easy reach.
When animals are stressed, they are ... ... get sick.
He is ... ... be irritable when people ask him why he isn't more cheerful.
be apt to do something/be apt to be something
191
giving protection
(adjective, B2)
... clothing
a ... mask and goggles
(adjective, C1)
wanting to protect someone from criticism, hurt, danger, etc. because you like them very much:
It's easy to be too ... towards/of your children.
She's fiercely ... of the man she married 29 years ago.
protective
/prəˈtek.tɪv/
192
clear or obvious without needing any proof
(adjective)
She has ... evidence that the company cheated her.
t was a ... case of fraud.
clear-cut
/ˌklɪrˈkʌt/
193
in a way that obeys some rules but is not likely
(adverb, C2)
It is ... possible.
..., employees could be liable for the whole amount.
Stock can ... be bought from one market maker and sold to another at an immediate profit.
theoretically
/ˌθiː.əˈret̬.ə.kəl.i/
194
causing disagreement or discussion
(adjective, B2)
a ... issue/decision/speech/figure
The book was very ... .
controversial
/ˌkɑːn.trəˈvɝː.ʃəl/
195
to reduce or be reduced in size or importance
(verb, C1)
I don't want to ... her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
These memories will not be ... by time.
What he did has seriously ... him in many people's eyes.
We've seen our house ... greatly/sharply/substantially in value over the last six months.
diminish
/dɪˈmɪn.ɪʃ/
196
to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected
(verb, B2)
Heavy snow ... travel into the city this morning.
The meeting was ... by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker.
disrupt
/dɪsˈrʌpt/
197
a neurotransmitter (= a chemical in the body that carries messages from the brain) that helps you feel relaxed and happy
(noun)
serotonin
/ˌse.rəˈtoʊ.nɪn/
198
an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future
(noun, B2, [ U ])
Children normally feel a lot of ... about their first day at school.
That explains his ... over his health.
Her son is a source of considerable ... .
[ C ]
something that causes a feeling of fear and worry:
job ...
anxiety
/æŋˈzaɪ.ə.t̬i/
199
the state of feeling very unhappy and without hope for the future
(noun, B2 [ U ])
was overwhelmed by feelings of ... .
depression
/dɪˈpreʃ.ən/
200
the moment at which something begins, and especially something uncomfortable or unpleasant
(phrase)
the ... of winter
The new treatment can delay the ... of the disease by several years.
The disease must be treated before the ... of symptoms.
The loss in bone tissue increases after the ... of the menopause.
Various signs may indicate the ... of dementia.
The ... of puberty is a time of great bone growth.
It often occurs with the ... of adolescence.
the onset of something
201
If a bad situation is ..., it causes severe problems or damage
(adjective)
She felt ... embarrassment/anxiety/concern at his behaviour.
The problem of poverty is particularly ... in rural areas.
acute
/əˈkjuːt/
202
in a way that continues or has continued for a long time
(adverb)
care for the ... sick
Officials say that the agency is ... underfunded and understaffed.
chronically
/ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl.i/
203
the process of changing to suit different conditions
(noun, C1 [ U ])
The documentary is about corruption, crime and human ... to difficult circumstances.
His team's successful .. to life in the top-flight has come as no surprise.
adaption/ adaptation
/əˈdæp.ʃən /ˌæd.əpˈteɪ.ʃən/
204
an answer or reaction
(noun)
... to our advertisement have been disappointing.
Her proposals met with an enthusiastic ... .
I looked in her face for some ..., but she just stared at me blankly.
Management have granted a ten percent pay rise in ... to union pressure.
response
/rɪˈspɑːns/
205
relating to the body
(adjective, B2)
... exercise/fitness/strength/disabilities
I'm not a very ... sort of person (= I don't enjoy physical activities).
physical
/ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl/
206
describing the period before there were written records
(adjective)
... man/humans/animals
Painting originated in ... times.
prehistoric
/ˌpriː.hɪˈstɔːr.ɪk/
207
a judgment about what a particular illness or problem is, made after examining it
(noun, C2)
"What was the ... ?" "Arthritis in both joints."
The doctor has made an initial ... .
... of the disease is difficult in the early stages.
diagnosis
/ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊ.sɪs/
208
the words you choose to express something
(noun, [ U ])
Norman agreed that the ... of the advertisement was unnecessarily offensive and it was changed.
We don't yet know the exact/precise ... of the agreement.
wording
/ˈwɝː.dɪŋ/
209
in a way that relates to facts and whether they are true or not
(adverb)
He's making statements that are not ... accurate.
If your article is not ... correct, we will have no choice but to sue you.
factually
/ˈfæk.tʃu.ə.li/
210
a small solid piece of medicine that a person swallows without chewing (= crushing with the teeth)
(noun, B1)
a sleeping ...
a vitamin ...
My mother takes three or four ... a day.
Jamie's always had trouble swallowing ... .
pill
/pɪl/
211
a small, solid piece of medicine
(noun, B1)
He'd taken a ... tablet the night before and still felt dopey .
Take one ... three times a day.
The medicine is available in .. form.
tablet
/ˈtæb.lət/
212
the process of making a person healthy again, esp. by giving treatment, or a treatment that causes a disease to go away:
(noun)
the effort to find a ... for cancer
cure
/kjʊər/
