Ift 212 ( Computer Architecture And Organization) Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is computer architecture and draw a diagram of von Newman computer
This is the study of the real between hardware software and instruction
What is a copy and what are its components
A cpu is the hard ware component of a computer system responsible for executing instructions and processing data
Components
Timing and control circuits
. ALU
. High speed register storage is a
What is a machine language
A machine language is a computers natural language that consists of a string of binary y numbers (0 and 1) and instructs the computer to perform its most basic operation one at a time.
Advantage and disadvantages
Advantage
. It uses the computer’s storage efficiency
. It takes less time to process than any other programming language
Disadvantage
. It is time consuming
. It is very tedious to write
. It is subject to human error
. It is expensive in program preparation and debugging stages
Low level language
Is one that is designed to be very close to the underlying computer hardware with little to no abstraction
What is an assembly language and assembler
. An assembly language is a low level language that is specifically to a computer’s architecture.
. An assembler is a utility program used to translate assembly language code into the target computer’s machine code.
What is high level language
Is a programming language designed for human readability and ease of use
Advantages and disadvantages of low level language
Advantages
1) it is more efficient than machine language
2) it is easier to use
3) it man be useful for security reasons
Disadvantage
1) it is designed to a particular processor
2) it is hard to get an assembler
3) it cannot what is be understood by the computer unless translated to machine code
What is a compiler
A compiler is a special program that is used to translate code written in high level language to machine code
Advantages and disadvantage o high level language
- compilers are easy to get
- it is easier to understand that any other programming language
- is it easier to use than any other programming language
Disadvantage
* it takes more time to princess than any other programming language
What is data compression
It is the process of reducing the size of files and data in order to save space or speed up transmission
What are the types of data compression
1] lossless compression - maintains data integrity i.e after compression and decompression the resulting image is exactly the same as the uncompressed image
2] lossy compression- does not maintain data integrity i.e the decompressed image is similar but not exactly the same as the initial image.
list the characteristics of data compression methods
1]symmetric method- compresses and decompresses images data in the same amount of time.
2] asymmetric method- might take a long time to compress i age but decompression would be rapid.
what is instruction set
also known as instruction set architecture is a set of commands a computer processor can understand and execute.
what does the instruction set consist of
addressing mode, instructions, native datatypes, registers, memory architecture, interrupt, external I/O,exception handling
list the ISA component
1] storage cells - registers and memory
2] machine instruction set- set of possible operations
3] instruction format- size and meaning of fields within the instruction
give examples of some instruction set and what they do
1] ADD- add two numbers
2] COMPARE- compare two numbers
3] IN- input information from a device e.g keyboard
4] JUMP- jump to a designated RAM address
5] JUMP if- condition statement to jump to a designated RAM address
6] LOAD- load data from the RAM to the cpu
7] OUT- output data to a device e.g monitor
8] STORE- save data in the RAM
what does instructions need to specify and the diagram for the basic instruction life cycle
1] what operation to perform
2] where to find the operand or operands
3]place to store the result
4] location of the next instruction
list the classes of instructions
1] data movement instructions - these are instructions that are used to transfer information from one location to another within a computer system e.g MOV, LOAD, STORE, IN/OUT
2] arithmetic and logic instructions- these are instructions that perform mathematical and logical operations on data e.g ADD,, SUB, MUL, AND, OR, NOT
3] branch/ control flow instruction- are instruction that change the flow of execution in a program based on certain condition. e,g JUMP IF, LOOP
classification of instruction set
1] operand storage in CPU
2] number of explicit operands per instruction
3] operand location
4] operation
5] type and size of operand
list the type of internal storage in the CPU
1] a stack- operands are implicitly on top of the stack
2] accumulator- one operand is implicitly the accumulator.
3] a set of registers- each operands are specific registers or memory locations
registers has been in use because
1]faster than memory
2] easy for compiler to use
3] can be used more effectively
what is addressing mode
these are the ways architecture specify the address of the object they want to access
why is choosing displacement field size important
what does the encoding of addressing modes depend on
because it directly affects instruction length
. addressing modes and the degree of independence between opcodes and modes
how are addressing modes encoded
1]for small number of addressing mode or opcode/ addressing mode can be encoded in opcode
2] for a larger number of combination, typically a seperate address specifier is needed for each operand
