Igneous rocks & Volcanoes study

Question 1

Why rocks?

Answer 1

Most Earth processes involve rocks

Question 2

what is a rock?

Answer 2

A solid mass of minerals or mineral type materials

Question 3

do rocks have multiple minerals

Answer 3

Yes, some have multiple minerals, but others have just one, and some have no minerals, or organic materials

Question 4

How many types of rocks are there

Answer 4

5

Question 5

Igneous

Answer 5

Formed from cooled lava or magma (melted rock)

All rocks start here

Question 6

what do all rocks start as

Answer 6

a igneous rock

Question 7

What type of rocks are igneous

Answer 7

Lava, and magma

Question 8

Sediments

Answer 8

When rocks are exposed to weathering forces it creates sediments

Question 9

What happens when sediments are compacted

Answer 9

It creates sedimentary rocks (Lithification)

Question 10

Metamorphic

Answer 10

When rocks are exposed to heat and pressure it changes the chemistry of the rock

The heat is not enough to melt, it is around 150-200 °C

Question 11

what are Igneous rocks formed from?

Answer 11

Formed from rocks that have melted then cooled

Question 12

Intrusive Rock

Answer 12

Forms from magma that has cooled below the surface

It is formed inside the earth*

Question 13

Extrusive Rock

Answer 13

Forms from lava that cools at the surface

It is formed at the surface of the earth

Question 14

Phaneritic

Answer 14

Coarse grained, large easy to see crystals or grains
Ex. granite

Question 15

Aphanitic

Answer 15

Fined grained, smaller crystals or grains that cooled quickly
Ex. Basalt

Question 16

Porphyritic

Answer 16

Has both large and small crystals because it cools at different times
Ex. Andesite porphyry

Question 17

Glassy

Answer 17

No crystals because it cools so fast
Ex. Obsidian, and pumice

It is smooth

Question 18

Felsic

Answer 18

Contains a lot of feldspar and silica, Usually light in color and less dense
Ex: Granite

Question 19

Mafic

Answer 19

Contains large amount of magnesium and ferrum (iron) rich silicates, Usually dark in color and more dense
Ex: Basalt

Question 20

What are the most common igneous rocks

Answer 20

Granite (In), and basalt (Ex)

Question 21

Volcano

Answer 21

as rock melts it becomes less dense and rises. If the molten rock can escape through a crack or think spot it creates a volcano

Question 22

Magma

Answer 22

molten rock that is below Earth’s surface

Question 23

Lava

Answer 23

molten rock that is on Earth’s surface

Something that comes out of a volcanoe

Question 24

Divergent Boundary

Answer 24

where plates are pulled apart

Question 25

Convergent Boundary

Answer 25

where plates are pushed together

Question 26

Hot Spots

Answer 26

Intraplate volcanoes are not at a plate boundary at all but in the middle of a plate

Question 27

What is a Volcano?

Answer 27

A mountain that spews out things like lava, magma, ash, etc. | *Everything is around 1,000 - 2,000 °F*

Question 28

Active volcanoes

Answer 28

A volcano tha is erupting or showing signs of erupting

Question 29

Dormant volcanoes

Answer 29

not active but could reawaken

Question 30

Extinct volcanoes

Answer 30

extremely unlikely to awaken | *Very unlikely to erupt*

Question 31

Can volcanic explosions be explosive

Answer 31

Yes, the can be both explosive, and gentle

Question 32

Felsic (granite)

Answer 32

gives very thick or viscous magma so you are more likely to see explosive eruptions, due to trapped gas

Question 33

Mafic (basalt)

Answer 33

Is thinner so gas can easily escape so usually less explosive eruptions

Question 34

Is lava the only thing that comes out of a volcanoes

Answer 34

No

Question 35

exspect lava what do volcanoes spew out

Answer 35

gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur, etc.

Question 36

Can Pyroclastic also come out of a volcanoes

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

Pyroclastic clouds

Answer 37

the combo of super heated gas and dust

Question 38

Shield volcanoe

Answer 38

usually form from basaltic lava, they are large broad and flat. Usually less explosive. Ex: Hawaii

Question 39

Cinder Cone volcano

Answer 39

are formed from dust, ash, and cinders

Question 40

Composite volcano

Answer 40

Are symmetrical. They have layers of lava and pyroclastic material

Question 41

Crater

Answer 41

A big hole, usually from a expslosion

Question 42

Caldera

Answer 42

formed when a volcano is no longer active and the top of the magma chamber starts to collapse in on itself

Question 43

Volcanic Necks

Answer 43

when magma hardens within a vent on a active volcano

Question 44

Lava Plateaus

Answer 44

Extensive areas of flood basalt | *Often at fissures where there is flood lava*

Question 45

Plutons

Answer 45

Structures formed from magma cooled underground

Question 46

Sills

Answer 46

Cooled magma between parallel layers of sedimentary rock

Question 47

Laccolith

Answer 47

Similar to sills but in a lens shape because of thicker magma

Question 48

Dikes

Answer 48

Magma moves into a break in the rock layers

Question 49

Hot springs

Answer 49

groundwater is heated by magma and forced to surface

Question 50

Mudflow

Answer 50

volcano melts ice and combines with debris

Question 51

Geyser

Answer 51

if heated groundwater turned to steam

Question 52

Geothermal

Answer 52

heat can be harvested for energy

Question 53

what is another name for a Igneous rock?

Answer 53

they are also called volcanic rocks

Question 54

Where are Igneous rocks formed?

Answer 54

Some igneous rock forms at the surface but most is underground

Question 55

Do extrusive rocks have crystals

Answer 55

yes, and no, they tend to have smaller or no crystals because of fast cooling.

Question 56

Do intrusive rocks have crystals?

Answer 56

yes, and they tend to have larger crystals because of slow cooling.

Question 57

What is another name for a intrusive rock?

Answer 57

they are sometimes called plutonic rock