IHUM 202 Midterm Review Flashcards

Question

Erasmus vs Luther

Answer 1

Erasmus - free will Luther - No free will

Answer 2

Total Depravity Unconditional Election Limited Atonement Irresistible Grace Perseverance of the Saints

Answer 3

Christian Humanism tried to reform the church from within

Answer 4

Like Wycliffe, but executed

Answer 5

Martin Luther refused to take back statements

Answer 6

Final attempt to prevent schism, but protestants didn't show up. End up reaffirming catholic doctrine (and the purposes of religious art)

Answer 7

Stop Heresy Strengthen normal Catholics Convert non-christians

Answer 8

Dramatic, didactic, devotional Lighting Dramatic Tenebrism Supernatural Light Source Bold, Rich Colors Movement/Moment in Time Dramatic Diagonals Shallow Foreground Action exceeds frame Emotional Realism Humans are dramatic and supercharged

Answer 9

Jesuit way to experience God with all five senses. Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 10

Mysticism - Encouraged using images to talk to God so that we may more readily understand his nearness

Answer 11

Contrapuntal Polyphony - Independent melody lines (rather than one dominant with supporting harmonies) Applying secular genres to sacred texts

Answer 12

Closely associated with the counter-reformation and was a way for the Church to verify its authority

Answer 13

Religious Art = Idols But nature is God's country

Answer 14

Dutch Republic

Answer 15

Genre Paintings - Everyday life Lighting and Color Natural Light Earthier Color Scheme Movement/Moment in Time Usually more subtle, but still spontaneous Attention to detail, texture, volume Subtle Emotional Realism Landscapes Still Lifes

Answer 16

To understand nature is to understand God God created universe according to harmonic principles

Answer 17

Our senses are aided by grace, scripture, and church to correctly perceived God God is transcendent, but accommodates our understanding to be knowable

Answer 18

God is transcendent God's glory is hidden in nature Our senses are too fallen to perceive Him

Answer 19

Induction Empirical Observation

Answer 20

Deduction Rational Thinking "Of what I can certain" more than "what is true"

Answer 21

Logical Pessimism Use rational methods within limited means to identify best outcomes. No certainty but from God. Wrote the Wager on God

Answer 22

Creation of science as a field Science is still tied to religion Nature shifted from knowable to secretive machine

Answer 23

Music as Rhetoric Music Serves the Text Passionate Themes and Stories

Answer 24

Contrast (tempo, dynamics, timbre) Ornament (flourishes, etc) Basso Continuo Complex counterpoint, bass, passion

Answer 25

Monody Homophony Polyphony (Counterpoint) Harpsicord Organ String Emphasis

Answer 26

Single Voice with simple accompaniment

Answer 27

Melody + Choral Accompaniment

Answer 28

Counterpoint polyphony - Much more complex.

Answer 29

Equally independent melodies

Answer 30

Melody and Bass line are written out together, helping harmonies.

Answer 31

Opera Oratorio Cantata Sonata Concerto Suite

Answer 32

Musical Story on stage

Answer 33

Musical drama on religious subjects

Answer 34

Extended piece with many recitatives and set pieces (duets, choruses, etc)

Answer 35

Work in several movements for one or more instruments and basso continuo

Answer 36

Work in several movements for one instrumental soloist and orchestra

Answer 37

A series of dances in the same key

Answer 38

Startling conceits Complex syntax Paradox Irony Wit Dramatic Contrast Allusions Anne Bradstreet, John Donne

Answer 39

John Milton Epic Blank Verse Freedom, responsibility, human nature Satan as a sympathetic character. Free will vs. Predestination - God equipped humans with reason and freedom to choose Knowledge - temptation to know more than our station

Answer 40

Propaganda for absolutist monarchs because This time period was a state of crisis Court Baroque -> Neoclassicism -> Roccoco

Answer 41

Louis XIV French Monarch After his death the aristocracy moved back to country villas Versailles

Answer 42

Retains Baroque elements of movement, energy, and diagonals, but replaces the gravitas with frivolity Grace, elegance Sensuality and eroticisim Light and sentimental themes Curved lines, light colors, asymmetry Rapid Brushwork Greco-Roman Mythology

Answer 43

Rococo era rooms used to entertain and impress

Answer 44

Outdoor pastimes, courtship

Answer 45

Ornamentation and décor before architecture Heavy use of gilded features and mirrors, chandeliers

Answer 46

Light, repetitive dance tunes on the harpsicord Graceful, delicate Feature ornamental details (trills) Style galant - courtly style Themes of Love and Romance

Answer 47

Death of Louis XIV and his court baroque led to to aristocrats regaining cultural and political influence

Answer 48

Sober Colors Refined, smooth brushwork Strong Verticals and Horizontals Virtue, sacrifice, heroism Shallow Space Neoclassical Architecture in background Anatomical Realism Idealized figures Deathbed scenes Reason AND emotion (biggest difference between this and renaissance)

Answer 49

Art needed to be moral and noble People viewed children as having potential to give to society. We have a duty to humankind above all else.

Answer 50

Salon Culture Mother of Rococo Art

Answer 51

Outdoor Party

Answer 52

Neoclassical Artist

Answer 53

Simplicity Symmetry Mathematical proportions Domes, columns

Answer 54

Distaste for baroque music Gradual, subtle dynamic changes Piano!! More homophonic, clearer musical structures, more contained, constrained shifts in dynamics and tempo Much clearer, the melodies are simpler than Baroque music. Usually no basso continuo Symphonic Orchestra Immediate Appeal, Hummable

Answer 55

Re-establish correspondence between nature and human nature Optimism, confidence in progress New individualism Deism

Answer 56

Produced "universal laws" Cemented Inductive reasoning as dominant approach Based ideas on both Bacon and Descartes

Answer 57

Empiricism Receive ideas by experience (senses, reflection) We can control this process of getting ideas (thus education is essential, and different people need different education) We arrive in the world as blank slates Man's natural state: liberty, equality, insecurity

Answer 58

Built on Locke, progress is in our nature and in our control. It is limitless and only goes in one direction

Answer 59

The breakdown of "natural laws" and doubt about progress. Rousseau, Voltaire, and others, believed that human nature was too complex or contradictory to operate in natures machine. Mean that we will all continue suffering

Answer 60

Enlightenment Philosophical novella about finding happiness Characters find that there will always be suffering and there is no way to really find real happiness. For example, when one finds happiness, he becomes restless if he has not known misery. Written by

Answer 61

Rasselas Author

Answer 62

Satire (A modest proposal) Philosophical novella (Rasselas) Visual Satire

Answer 63

Rights of Man Social Contract - Government comes from the free individuals coming together to give up some freedoms for security and order. They form a collective, general will Inspired French Revolution

Answer 64

Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda (tail)

Answer 65

We only know phenomenal - things we can know by senses There exists noumenal - things not known by senses A cross between empiricism and rationalism In summary, subjectivity. It's hard to know the real truth.

Answer 66

Fuller Orchestras Emotion expression center of music Stories (programmatic) Nationalist music Symphony More intense contrast and dynamics

Answer 67

Dominant in the Romantic period, started in classic 4 Movements Each movement had: Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda (tail) Classical: Haydn, Mozart Romantic: Beethoven

Answer 68

Subjective Emotional Perception Lyric Poem, Emotional Narrative, autobiographical

Answer 69

Unity - science, spirituality, nature, passion, reason Subject Experience - Exploration of feelings Beauty Lyric Poem First Person Speech of Common people

Answer 70

Trying to find the natural, real self Authority of experience and feeling Unity of reason and passion

Answer 71

Poet - used common speech and focused on emotion Thought he real person was found in the childhood

Answer 72

Language as "co-creating" Experienced shaped by language, and language shaped by experience

Answer 73

Loss, "painterly" brushstrokes Soft Edges Thicker paint Natural world, Art as creation, not as imitation of real life Contemporary politics

Answer 74

Enlightenment viewed it as a key step forward, Romantics viewed it as stripping away human nature

Answer 75

Beauty vs Sublime

Answer 76

Corruption of human nature Unknowability of God

Answer 77

Science as it's own discipline Nature needs to be decoded Human reason needs purging and help Science is ethical an spiritual, both for individual and collective betterment

Answer 78

Reaffirms great chain of being Very positive, all is right

Answer 79

Political Revolutions (French, American, Haitian) Industrial revolution Intellectual Revolution

Answer 80

Quest for self, unify passion and reason Sources of self, childhood, solitude, 'selfing' Sublime vs Beautiful

Answer 81

Main hero caught between equally justifiable ethical forces

Answer 82

Conflict is within the self or the self vs the world