II: Anatomy of Inguinal Canal

Question 1

sperm activation hypothesis

Answer 1

sperm production is more effective in cooler temperature but sperm is activated when it is in warmer conditions of female body

Question 2

What are the three muscles of male inguinal region?

Answer 2

1. Pyramidalis Muscle
2. Cremaster m.
3. Dartos m.

Question 3

Innervation - pyramidalis m.

Answer 3

subcostal n.

Question 4

innervation- cremaster m.

Answer 4

genital branch of genitofemoral n.

Question 5

innervation- dartos m.

Answer 5

sympathetics running with ilioinguinal n. and post. scrotal n.

Question 6

7 layers around the testicle out –> in

Answer 6

1. superficial dartos fascia
2. external spermatic fascia
3. cremaster muscle and fascia
4. internal spermatic fascia
5. parietal tunica vaginalis
6. visceral tunica vaginalis
7. tunica albuginea

Question 7

Between which layers is the epididymus located?

Answer 7

visceral and parietal tunica vaginalis

Question 8

where are sperm formed?

Answer 8

seminiferous tubules

Question 9

order of sperm leaving (7)

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules
straight tubules
rete testes
efferent ductules
epididymis
ductus deferens
urethra

Question 10

where are sperm stored

Answer 10

epididymis

Question 11

what are the 3 arches of inguinal canal formed by?

Answer 11

three abdominal muscle layers

• transversus abdominus
• internal oblique
• external oblique

Question 12

deep ring

Answer 12

transversalis fascia

Question 13

superficial ring

Answer 13

external oblique fascia

Question 14

spermatic cord female equivalent

Answer 14

round ligament

Question 15

what pulls the testes through the body wall?

Answer 15

gubernaculum

Question 16

parietal peritoneum becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 16

tunica vaginalis

Question 17

does the parietal peritoneum get pushed through?

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

transversalis fascia becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 18

inner spermatic fascia

Question 19

transversus abdominus becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 19

NOTHING

- forms natural arch and is not pierced

Question 20

internal oblique becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 20

cremasteric muscle and fascia

Question 21

external oblique becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 21

external spermatic fascia

Question 22

scarpa’s fascia becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 22

dartos muscle and fascia

Question 23

camper’s fascia becomes X in spermatic cord

Answer 23

NOTHING

no fat in scrotum

Question 24

which muscle in the testes is the “puller”

Answer 24

cremasteric muscle

Question 25

which muscle in the testes is the "wrinkler"

Answer 25

dartos muscle

Question 26

define inguinal canal

Answer 26

oblique passageway in inguinal region through which the spermatic cord in male and round ligament in female traverse the ab. wall

Question 27

thick muscular tube that carries sperm and semen located in the inguinal canal

Answer 27

ductus deferens

Question 28

where does the testicular a. orginate?

Answer 28

aorta, just below renal a.

Question 29

what oxygenates the cremasteric muscle?

Answer 29

cremasteric a.

Question 30

where does the cremasteric a. originate?

Answer 30

inf. epigastric a.

Question 31

what oxygenates the ductus deferens?

Answer 31

ductus deferens a.

Question 32

where does the ductus deferens orginate?

Answer 32

inferior vesicular a.

Question 33

what is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 33

network formed by around 12 veins that converge superiorly as the left or right testicular v.

Question 34

where does the right testicular v. drain? left?

Answer 34

``` right= inferior vena cava left= l. renal vein ```

Question 35

what nerves are found in the inguinal canal?

Answer 35

1. genital branch of the genitofemoral n. 2. sympathetics accompany testicular a. and ductus deferens 3. anterior cutaneous branches of iliohypogastric 4. sympathetics running with ilioinguinal and posterior scrotal n. (**in canal, not cord!) 5. parasympathetics from S2-4 on ductus deferens

Question 36

anterior border of inguinal canal

Answer 36

aponeurosis of ext. oblique

Question 37

floor of canal

Answer 37

inguinal ligament

Question 38

medial floor of canal

Answer 38

lacunar lligament

Question 39

posterior border of canal

Answer 39

transversalis fascia

Question 40

posterior medial border of canal

Answer 40

conjoint tendon

Question 41

where do the lymphatics of the testes drain to..

Answer 41

lumbar lymph nodes

Question 42

Formation of the inguinal canal- when begin?

Answer 42

7th week projection of parietal peritoneum called processus vaginalis begins to invaginate through boday wall next to gubernaculum

Question 43

gubernaculum?

Answer 43

ligamentous-like primordia that attaches b/w developing testes/ovary and scrotal/labial folds

Question 44

what does the gubernaculum become in women?

Answer 44

cranial: ovarian ligament caudal: round ligament

Question 45

do females have cremaster muscle?

Answer 45

yes few short loops of muscle around the round ligament

Question 46

where does the round ligament terminate?

Answer 46

labia majora

Question 47

what is male equivalent of labia majora?

Answer 47

scrotum

Question 48

Direct hernia

Answer 48

through hasselbach's triangle | contained by external oblique or push through superficial ring

Question 49

indirect hernia

Answer 49

through patent processus vaginalis, alongside spermatic cord

Question 50

congenital hernia

Answer 50

indirect hernia, younger patients

Question 51

femoral hernia

Answer 51

below inginal ligament wher fmeoral vessels push through

Question 52

hasselbach's triangle borders

Answer 52

1. inferior epigastric vessels 2. rectus abdominus 3. inguinal ligament

Question 53

hydrocele and hematocele

Answer 53

serous fluid or blood build up within the tunica vaginalis

Question 54

spermatocele

Answer 54

cyst within the head of the pididymis | - may think they have cancer

Question 55

cryptorchidism

Answer 55

failure of testes to descend (testes descend around 8m. gestation)

Question 56

monochidism/polychidism

Answer 56

one testicle/more than 2 testicles

Question 57

ectopic testes

Answer 57

lodged in the abdominal cavity somewhere

Question 58

what is cut in vasectomy?

Answer 58

ductus deferens | - it is not tied afterwards