IX + X: Perineum I + II

Question 1

what are the boundaries of the perineum?

Answer 1

coccyx
2 ischial tuberosites
pubis

Question 2

derivation of upper half of anal canal

Answer 2

hindgut

Question 3

upper half anal canal lining

Answer 3

columnar epithelium

Question 4

anal columns?

Answer 4

above pectinate line

vertical fold indicating anorectal junction

Question 5

semilunar folds/anal valves

Answer 5

inferior aspect of anal columns which indicate a bumpy pectinate line

Question 6

innervation to upper half of anal canal

Answer 6

autonomic n.

Question 7

arteries to upper half of anal canal

Answer 7

superior rectal (IMA) and middle rectal (internal iliac)

Question 8

vein of upper half of anal canal

Answer 8

superior rectal (to IMV —> **portal system)

Question 9

lymphatics of upper half of anal canal

Answer 9

inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 10

derivation of lower half of anal canal

Answer 10

ectoderm of proctodeum

Question 11

lining of lower half of anal canal

Answer 11

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

innervation to lower half of anal canal

Answer 12

inferior rectal branch of pudendal n.

Question 13

lymphatics to lower half of anal canal

Answer 13

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 14

internal anal sphincter

Answer 14

involuntary smooth muscle

Question 15

external anal sphincter

Answer 15

voluntray skeletal

Question 16

what innervates external anal sphincter

Answer 16

inferior rectal (branch of pudendal n.)

Question 17

what are ischiorectal fossa?

Answer 17

fat filled spaces lateral to anal canal

Question 18

bost deep border of ischiorectal fossa

Answer 18

levator ani

Question 19

what is the pudendal canal?

Answer 19

canal withing fascia of obturator internus in the ischiorectal fossa lateral wall

Question 20

3 contents of pudendal canal

Answer 20

1. pudendal n.
2. internal pudendal a.
3. internal pudendal v.

Question 21

is the n. to obturator internus in the pudendal canal?

Answer 21

enters the canal, but exits early

Question 22

where do things enter the pudendal canal?

Answer 22

lesser sciatic foramen

Question 23

what are the branches of the pudendal n. (3)

Answer 23

1. inferior rectal
2. dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
3. perineal n.

Question 24

what are the branches of internal pudendal a. (2)

Answer 24

1. inferior rectal

2. branch to penis/ labia and clitoris

Question 25

which hemorrhoid would be painful above or below pectinate line?

Answer 25

below= painful and palpable only autonomic nerves above

Question 26

which facial layer of the perineum is fused withthe suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris?

Answer 26

deep fascia

Question 27

what is the deep penile fascia/Buck's fascia continuous with>

Answer 27

deep fascia | holds penile corpora together

Question 28

space between colles fascia and perineal membrane

Answer 28

male superficial pouch

Question 29

contents of the male superficial pouch

Answer 29

``` RIBSS roots of penis (bulb and crura) ischiocavernosus muscle bulbospongiosus muscle superficial transverse perineal m. spongy urethra ```

Question 30

space between superior fascia of UG diaphragm and perineal membrane

Answer 30

male deep perineal pouch

Question 31

contents of male deep pouch

Answer 31

``` IM BEDD internal pudendal a. and v. membranous urethra bulbourethral gland external urethral sphincter deep transverese perineal muscle dorsal nerve of penis ```

Question 32

what innervates the dartos muscle

Answer 32

genital branch of genitofemoral

Question 33

surrounds corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum individually

Answer 33

tunica albuginea of penis

Question 34

binds all erectile bodies of penis together

Answer 34

Buck's fascia

Question 35

Bulb of penis

Answer 35

corpus spongiosum attached to perineal membran of UG diaphragm

Question 36

Right and Left frura

Answer 36

corpus cavernosum attached to ischiopubic rami

Question 37

which erectile body contains the urethra

Answer 37

corpus spongiosum

Question 38

what type of erectile tissue is the glans penis (head)

Answer 38

corpus spongiosum

Question 39

what muscles cover the bulb?

Answer 39

bulbospongiosus

Question 40

what is the function of the bulbospongiosus

Answer 40

compression when contracted leads to 1. emptyign spongy urethra of residual urine/semen 2. erection by increasing pressure on tissue in root compressing venus return

Question 41

what muscles cover the cruras?

Answer 41

ischiocavernosus muscles

Question 42

small muscles arising from ischial tuberosity and inserting into perineal body

Answer 42

superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 43

perineal body

Answer 43

small fibrous mass in center of perineum

Question 44

what structures attach to the perineal body

Answer 44

- external anal sphincter - bulbospongiosus - superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 45

muscle surrounding the membranous urethra

Answer 45

external sphincter urethrae

Question 46

what innervates the external sphincter?

Answer 46

voluntary muscle innervated by perineal branch of pudendal n.

Question 47

deep transverse

Answer 47

ischial rami to perineal body

Question 48

supplies skin of penis and glans penis

Answer 48

dorsal nerve of the penis (from pudendal)

Question 49

blood to penis

Answer 49

internal pudendal a.

Question 50

what a. fills the corpora cavernosa with blood

Answer 50

deep arteries of penis

Question 51

helicine branches in cavernosa

Answer 51

coiled in flacid penis, open into cavernous spaces

Question 52

what forms the prepuce and frenulum

Answer 52

labia minora

Question 53

space between labia minora, containing the external meati of urethra, vagina, and ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands

Answer 53

vestibule

Question 54

How is the head of the clitoris different from the head of the penis

Answer 54

clitoris: caverosa head penis: spongisum head

Question 55

Contents of Female superficial perineal pouch

Answer 55

``` RLBIGPPIS root of clitoris lesser vestibular glands bulbospongiosus muscles ischiovaernosus muscles greater vestibular glands perineal body perineal branches of pudendal n. superficial transverse perineal muscles ```

Question 56

Contents of Deep Female Perineal Pouch

Answer 56

``` PPISDD part of urethra part of vagina itnernal pudendal vessels sphincter urethrae deep transverse perineal muscles doresal nerves of clitoris (from pudendal ) ```

Question 57

what secretes the lubricating mucous during sexual activity?

Answer 57

greater vestibular glands

Question 58

what corresponds to the male prostate?

Answer 58

lesser vestibular glands

Question 59

what n. supplies clitoris

Answer 59

dorsal n. of the clitoris from pudendal n.

Question 60

phimosis

Answer 60

foreskin can't be retracted

Question 61

episiotomy

Answer 61

cut before it tears in childbirth

Question 62

erection

Answer 62

parasympathetic | S2-4

Question 63

emission

Answer 63

sympathetic | L1-2

Question 64

ejaculation

Answer 64

somatic: S2-4 | and autonomic

Question 65

what happens in erection

Answer 65

- helicine a. dilate | - bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus contract

Question 66

what happens in emission

Answer 66

- movement of semen into prostatic urethra - peristalsis of ductus deferens and seminal vesicles - prostatic contraction - glands involved

Question 67

what happens in ejaculation

Answer 67

- rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

Question 68

what do sympathetics do in ejacultion?

Answer 68

close internal urethral sphincter

Question 69

what do parasympathetics do in ejaculation?

Answer 69

contract urethral muscle