IL3: Hypothalamic Pituitary Target Axis Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland
What is the role of the anterior pituitary gland?
It secretes various hormones that regulate bodily functions
Fill in the blank: The _______ gland is responsible for releasing prolactin.
pituitary
What happens if the connection between the pituitary gland and hypothalamus is disrupted?
Prolactin levels in blood can be disrupted
What hormonal secretions are affected by sexual activity?
SH and Th secretion
How does puberty affect blood vessels?
It increases the number of cells in blood vessels
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus releases hormones via the _______.
pituitary gland
What hormone is critical for growth and development during infantile and early childhood?
Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones play a vital role in various developmental processes in early life.
Which hormone is largely responsible for growth during childhood and puberty?
Growth hormone
Growth hormone produces IGF-1, which accelerates linear growth.
What effect do sex hormones have during puberty?
Cause growth spurt and boost growth hormone secretion
This leads to increased height and body mass during puberty.
What happens to the epiphyseal growth plates due to sex steroids?
They close, leading to cessation of growth
This occurs at late puberty and marks the end of linear growth.
What regulates the production of growth hormone?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
This hormone stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.
What inhibits the secretion of growth hormone?
Somatostatin
Somatostatin is produced by the hypothalamus and acts to inhibit growth hormone release.
Fill in the blank: The childhood and pubertal phases are largely dependent on _______.
growth hormone
Growth hormone plays a key role during these developmental stages.
What is the role of insulin in relation to blood glucose levels?
Lower glucose in blood
Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, thus reducing blood sugar levels.
True or False: Growth hormone increases blood glucose levels.
False
Growth hormone actually helps to lower blood glucose levels.
What is the relationship between growth hormone and fat?
Reduces fat
Growth hormone promotes lipolysis, leading to decreased fat mass.
What is the effect of growth hormone on the liver?
Stimulates IGF-1 production
IGF-1 is crucial for growth and metabolic processes.
What is the primary function of IGF-1?
Accelerate linear growth
IGF-1 is a key mediator of the effects of growth hormone on growth.
What factors stimulate growth hormone secretion?
- Decreased blood glucose
- Decreased blood free fatty acids
- Fasting and starvation
- Sex steroids
- Ghrelin
- Deep sleep (stages II and IV)
What factors inhibit growth hormone secretion?
- Increased blood glucose
- Increased blood free fatty acids
- Aging
- Obesity
- Sleep
- Stress and trauma
- Strenuous exercise
- Somatostatin
- Exogenous growth hormone
- Insulin-like growth factor-1
What is acromegaly?
Excessive growth hormone secretion leading to changes in facial structure, shoe size, and wedding ring size.
What are the effects of acromegaly on glucose metabolism?
Impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, leading to a higher risk of diabetes.
Fill in the blank: Patients with acromegaly have _______ glucose intolerance.
[impaired]