Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Disease II > ILD > Flashcards

ILD Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the interstitium

A

Support the lung
Maintain fluid
Help repair and remodel lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is ILD characterized

A

Broken into:
Acute
Subacute
Chronic

Alveolar walls infiltrated by:
Cells
Fluid
Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to diseases that originate in the interstitium

A

Usually impact other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do diseases of the interstitial move to?

A

Bronchi
Alveolar walls
Adjacent alveolar spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ILD pathophysiologic pathway

A

Injury
Inflammation
Disordered Repair of Involved Tissue
Pulmonary Fibrosis
End-Stage Lung Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does ILD arise from

A

Inflammation (not infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cells and elements in the interstitium

A

Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers

Cells:
Fibroblast
WBC (7%) (Lymphocytes)
Alveolar Mac (93%)
Granulocytes (<1%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does ILD do to the adjacent pulmonary structures

A

Destruction of alveoli and adjacent pulmonary capillaries

Fibrotic thickening of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Granulomas

Honeycombing and cavity formation

Fibrocalcific pleural plaques (asbestosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the less common side effects of ILD

A

Bronchospasm

Excessive bronchial secretions (inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are ILD disorders grouped

A

Occupational
Environmental
Therapeutic
Autoimmune
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Specific pathologies
Miscellaneous ILD (everything else)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two groups of exposures encompasses occupational and environmental ILD

A

Inorganic and organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inorganic ILD associated exposures

A

Asbestos
Coal dust
Silica
Beryllium
Aluminum
Barium
Clay
Iron
Certain talcs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is asbestos found in

A

Fire-fighting suits
Fireproof paint
Insulation
Roofing materials
Ropes
Steam pipe material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is abestos useful

A

Acoustic products
Automobile undercoating
Brake lining
Cements
Clutch casings
Floor tiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What size are asbestos fibers

A

0.1-1um (lodged and not released)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Size of products deposited in the parenchyma

A

0.8-3 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does asbestos appear under a microscope

A

Brown or orange baton-like structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the nodules caused by coal workers pneumoconiosis

A

Pinpoint Coal macules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do coal macules develop

A

First and second respiratory bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is “complicated” CWP characterized

A

Fibrotic nodules greater than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are CWP nodules composed of

A

Dense collagenous tissue with black pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes fibrotic changes

A

Silica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where might you find silica

A

beaches and playgrounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is silica created

A

Breaking down stone, rock, concrete, brick, block, and mortar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are you at risk of exposure to with fracking
Crystalline Silica
26
How many people are exposed to silica at work in the U.S.
2.3 million
27
What causes silicosis
Chronic inhalation of crystalline, free silica or silicon dioxide particles
28
What is silicosis characterized by
Small round nodules scattered throughout the lungs (may be asymptomatic)
29
What is complicated silicosis
When nodules merge and form large masses of fibrous tissues (usually upper lobes and perihilar regions)
30
ILD irritant gases
Chlorine Ammonia Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Phosgene
31
How many people out of 100,000 have ILD
81 people (not rare, but some might be)
32
Whose’s at risk for developing ILD
Exposed people and people with select systemic disease
33
What type of material causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Organic
34
How does hypersensitivity pneumonitis develop
Immune response detects antigens and produces antibodies that initiate inflammatory response (pneumonitis) Sprinters into other names
35
Disease syndromes associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Farmers lung Bagassosis Sequoiosis Humidifier lung Bird-breeder’s lung
36
Antigens associated with organic exposure
Thermophilic Nonthermophilic Fungi Amoebae Animal protein Chemicals
37
What therapeutic medications exposures cause ILD
Antibiotics Anti-inflammatory meds Cardiovascular meds Drugs that induce lupus Miscellaneous agents
38
Antibiotic medication that induces hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Nitrofurantoin
39
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug that induces hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Sulfasalazine
40
Anti-inflammatory agent that induces hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Methotrexate
41
Cardiovascular medication that causes hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Amiodarone
42
Miscellaneous agent that causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Oxygen
43
How does medication cause pulmonary fibrosis
Unknown
44
How much radiation usually causes ILD/ fibrosis
Greater than 6,000 rad over 6 weeks
45
How long after radiation does it take for the development of acute pneumonitis
2-3 months
46
When after radiation does late fibrotic stage happen
6-12 months accompanied with pleura effusion (Can develop without acute pneumonitis)
47
What causes radiation induced lung disease
Unknown
48
Autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD
Rheumatoid Arthritis Sarcoidosis Lupus/ erythematosis
49
How does Rheumatoid Arthritis cause ILD
The relieving medications could cause lung complications
50
What percent of people with Lupus have pulmonary complications
50-70%
51
What does sarcoidosis do to the lungs
Tubercles form (they are non-case acting granulomas)
52
What group is at a higher risk of sarcoidosis
Black women
53
What age is sarcoidosis likely to show up
10-40 years old (Peak: 20-30)
54
What immunoglobulin increase with sarcoidosis
IgM, IgG and IgA
55
What is idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
A group without specific pathogen/ we don’t know the cause
56
What is the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis in North America and Europe
3-9 per 100,000 a year
57
What does a CT of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis look like
Usual Interstitial pneumonia (Honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis)
58
What ILD “specific pathology” should we remember
PULMONARY VASCULITIDES Wegener’s granulomatosis
59
What does wegeners look like in the lungs
Numerous nodules of 1-9 cm diameter (usually in the upper lobes
60
Describe Goodpasture’s syndrome
Attacks lungs and kidneys Causes recurrent episodes of pulmonary hemorrhage (pulmonary fibrosis in some)
61
Other names for goodpasture
Anti-GMB disease Anti glomerular basement membrane disease Physicians call it GMB
62
What happens with goodpastures
Circulating antibodies are directed to antigens and produces intrinsic to glomerular BM and alveolar membrane
63
What is the result of Goodpasture
Glomerulonephritis Alveolar hemorrhage
64
Incidence and survival after diagnosis of anti-GMB
Less that 2 per million population Survival after 15 weeks 50% massive pulmonary hemorrhage 50% die from chronic renal failure
65
What autoimmune disease other than RA causes damage to multiple organs
Sarcoidosis
66
What does sarcoidosis look like
Granulomas on multiple organs (including lymph nodes)
67
How is sarcoidosis diagnosed
Bronchoscopy or biopsy
68
What is usual pneumonia on a high resolution CT Scan a sign of
Idiopathic interstitial lung disease
69
Name a feature of usual interstitial pneumonia seen on a high resolution CT Scan
Honeycombing
70
Name two antifibrotics
Nintedanib Pirfenidone
71
Ways to get a tissue sample for ILD
Trans-bronchial biopsy Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery Thoracotomy

Disease II (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions