Ilp 1 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
This model surfaced as a data driven objective crime reduction strategy.
A
Problem oriented Policing
2
Q
Fairly easy to adopt bc it does. It require a significant culture change within policing at street level but managerial level change can be substantial.
A
Compstat
3
Q
Policing defined as the application of analytical techniques to identify likely targets for police intervention and prevent crime or solve crimes from the past by making statistical predictions.
A
Predictive Policing
4
Q
The type of model that requires the analyst to actively canvass information from contributors by interviewing investigative officers and debriefing handlers of confidential informants.
A
Pull Model
5
Q
Police using information to generate greater insight into the criminal and policing environment.
A
Knowledge Workers
6
Q
Applies not only to target selection but also the model of targeting.
A
Proportionality
7
Q
Local offenders
Potential victims
A
2 constituent groups
8
Q
Problem Focus and operational Focus
Crime events. Offenders.
A
2 dimensional Scale of Community Policing
9
Q
It recognizes that the ultimate goal of the police is not simply to enforce the law but to deal with problems effectively, preventing them from occurring in the first place.
A
Problem Originated Policing
10
Q
Support for the front line areas investigations and the other operational areas in taking case specific action to achieve enforcement objectives
A
Tactical
pg 111
11
Q
Systematic Gathering, Evaluation, Synthesis of raw data on individuals or activities. “Meaning/Relevance
A
Intelligence
12
Q
Information compiled analyzed and disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent or monitor criminal activity.
A
Criminal intelligence
13
Q
An inability to optimally utilize existing and new technology to help with information management
A
Technical dysfunction
14
Q
Police respond to crime information from the public and investigate each offense.
A
Reactive policing
Traditional model policing
15
Q
Thought to be the “Backbone” of police crime prevention. Remains a focus, Spotlight fell on
1) detection 2) punishment of offenders
A
Preventive patrol
16
Q
Aiming to provide insight and understanding and make a contribution, broad strategic policies and resources.
A
Strategic Level
17
Q
Indicates an activity with a start date(onset) a duration(lengths of time) and termination(give up life of crime)
A
Career Criminal
18
Q
Buzzword in law enforcement, application of analytical techniques. More of a tactical approach to street crime than an organizational technique.
*Hot Spots
A
Predictive policing
19
Q
Interpret by analysts
Impact by decision makers
to Influence society/criminals
A
3 i Model
20
Q
This has evolved into a business and management model for resource decisions affecting a wide range of police activities.
A
NIM
National Intelligence Model
21
Q
The failure of the intelligence profession to recruit and train staff to an acceptable level to perform the role.
A
Professional Incompetence
22
Q
This has evolved into a Management model and a data driven movement and is Subjective
A
Intelligence led policing
23
Q
The three barriers of information sharing and fusion centers
A
TOC
Technology
Organizational
Cultural
24
Q
What are the two groups that have significantly all aspects of criminal justice system
A
- International organized crime
2. Terrorism
25
____________ vs____________ is a managerial process for prioritizing resources allocation
Intelligence led policing
Versus
Covert information Gathering has
26
A tactic that can support the broader mission of intelligence led policing
Covert intelligence gathering
27
Balancing the seriousness of the intrusion into the privacy of the subject of the operation vs the need for the activity in investigative and operational terms.
Principle of proportionality
28
Whereby the concentration of resources in one area to address short term problems create other organizational pathologies
Defense Data Concentration
29
Separate agencies keeping the same information on isolated systems
Duplication
30
Both intra agency and inter agency
Occupational subcultures
31
Caused. Y retention of information until it is most beneficial to the information holder.
Intelligence hoarding
| Information silos
32
Lack of analytical capacity in the crime intelligence system.
Intelligence overload
33
A problem of low quality information volume exacerbated by increasing sharing.
Noise
34
Incompatible information systems between agencies.
Digital divide
35
Different agencies with different missions, structures and methodologies.
Institutional friction
36
The Newport News Police experience and report was hugely influential in spreading the message about what type of policing
Problem oriented with
37
Intelligence cycle starts with
Direction
38
In the 3i model the crime intelligence analyst section actively ___________the criminal environment
Interprets
39
The influence part of the 3i model requires analysts to influence the thinking of
Decision maker
40
Part of the 3i model that requires the analyst to be conscious of the need to identify the real decision-maker who can have an impact on the criminal environment while simultaneously being mindful that such decision makers may not be their initial client
Influence
41
When first proposed was an operational tactic that would reduce crime through proactive policing
Intelligence led policing
42
The type of policing that is a business and managerial philosophy
Intelligence led policing
43
Which crime control works to establish priorities for criminal intelligence gathering and subsequent analysis based on notions of social harms as perceived by the community
Strategic social harm approach
44
Name the four P framework for prevention
Prevention
Proactivity
Predictability
Patterns
45
```
Focus _____________ strategy is the type of approach that draws heavily on criminal intelligence in the planning phase and tries to change offender behavior.
A. Directed
B. Drawn
C. Deterrence
D. Detailed
```
Deterrence strategy
46
Initiatives that work with public and private resources available at a local community level are called
A. Informational networks
B. Local security networks
C. Networks without borders
D. Institutional networks
C. Local security networks
47
Networks that smooth the progress of information flow between government agencies
Institutional networks
48
Sir John Stevens, former commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police is associated with this statement concerning the impact on crime
A. Reduce, predict, disrupt
B. Renew, prevent, disturb
C. Recognize, prevent, disrupt
D. Reduce, prevent, disrupt
D. Reduce, prevent, disrupt
49
Two models of citizen oversight
Civilian Review Board
| Police Auditors
50
ACLU published handbook
| Americans Civil Liberties Union
The Rights of Police Officers
51
Avner Louima
1997 NYC tortured man
CRASH
Community resources against street hoodlums
52
```
1. In the Us the maintenance and use of criminal intelligence system is regulated by?
A. 26CFR23
B. 26CFR28
C. 28CFR23
D. 23CFR28
```
28CFR23
53
2. What are the 3 categories informants fall into
A. paid, voluntarily and leniency
B. Confidential, paid, and source
C. Source, voluntarily, leniency
Paid
Leniency
Voluntarily
54
3. A rather broad term to indicate a range of skills, including trend indemnification and hot spot analysis
A. Network analysis
B. Market profiles
C. Risk analysis
D. Crime pattern analysis
D. Crime Pattern Analysis
55
Top jobs of police chief according to Intelligence led policing
Managing risks
Try to keep people happy
Responding to crime as it emerged
56
An assessment of the impact of socio-economic and demographic changes in criminality, as well as population shift and homelessness
Demographic/social trends
57
Used to understand the direction, frequency and strength of links between collaborators in a criminal network
Network analysis
58
Caused by criminals operating in the spaces between police agencies either hierarchically or geographically
Intelligence gap
59
When managers focus on short term targets only
Myopia
60
When performance indicators has cease to be effective but remains on the books.
Ossification
61
When managers choose the performance indicators that are the easiest to measure and ignore the rest.
Tunnel vision
62
The non governmental sector playing a greater role in the creation of security
Hybrid governance
63
When managers focus on a narrow band of activities that improve some performance indicators but inflict damage on the overall system
Sub-Optimization
64
When managers deliberately underachieve so they can be set lower targets for later assessments
Gaming
65
When the performance indicators becomes the focus rather than the desired outcome or service
Measure fixation
66
Performance Indicators added on by Tilley
Demoralization - loss of confidence and commitment among wkers delivering services not to count or counted inappropriately
Discreditability - public skepticism - brought abt thru sabotage of enforced performance indicators by disillusioned workers
67
```
Intelligence led policing
According to Manning, the "canopy of science" concerned limitations of some ________________
A. Technologies
B. Research
C. Evidence
D. Analysts
```
A. Technologies
68
Intelligence Led Policing;
This type model requires the analyst to actively canvass information from contributors by interviewing investigative officers a debriefing handlers of confidential informants.
A. Tunnel vision
B. Pull model
C. Predictive policing
D. Community policing
B. Pull model
69
Identifying recurring problems and how the ensuing consequences affect community safety
SARA
Scanning
70
Collecting and analyzing all relevant data on the problem, with the objective of revealing ways to alter the causes of the problem
SARA
Analysis
71
Seeking out responses that might have worked elsewhere, identifying a range of local options and then selecting and implementing specific activities that will resolve the problem.
SARA
Response
72
Testing data collected before and after the response phase in order to determine whether the response reduced the problem and if not to identify new strategies that might work.
SARA
Assessment
73
Intelligence Cycle
| PCCEADF
```
Planning
Collection
Collation
Evaluate
Analysis
Disseminate
Feedback
```
74
ILP
| What are the two types of evaluation?
1) Outcome- was the crime reduced?
| 2) Process- was the program implemented correctly?
75
Pure and Scientific (Realistic) Evaluation
Pure does not engage enough with the context of operational environment.
Context x Mechanism x Outcome
76
What intelligence is sandwiched between the offender focus of the tactical arena and the Strategic nature of intelligence to form a strategy, police and long term plans
Operational intelligence
77
```
Community policing
POP
CompStat
Intelligence led policing #1
Intelligence led policing #2
```
Problem Focus
Operational Focus
(Narrow and Broad)
(Crime and Offenders)
78
Application for billiard pool hall, pertinent supervisor will
Initiate background ck
Notify community groups
Complete application
Submit memo listing crime to ROC, Chief inspector
79
Pool hall billiard parlors PA Crimes Code limitations
6am to 1am six days excluding Sunday
Halls with six or more tables Sun 1p- 10
Juveniles 16 yr with at least 6 tables
No one under 18 yrs allowed with 6 or less tbls
80
The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment was important for two reasons
1) it dispelled the myth of random preventive patrol
| 2) it highlighted the value of research to form policing practice.
81
The ____________ ___________ end of the spectrum has always suffered in terms of achieving legitimacy. Yet has the potential to be the most significant aspect of crime intel due to its ability of strategic products to influence overall strategy and resource decisions
Strategic intelligence
82
It recognized by many PD and analysts but it is one of the most fastest growing areas of information management within policing.
Operational intelligence
83
Intel Led Policing identifies these Divers for change
Data /the Performance Gap
Demand Gap
Manage internal risk
Limits Standard Police
84
Lack of ______ of the police intelligence unit had a corollary outcome in abuse of the ethics of the intelligence process.
Governace
85
The ____ _____ found much was wrong with focusing on the crime not criminal.
Audit Commission
"Her Majestry Intectorsate of Constabury (HMIC) next reported this type of audit
86
2013 Boston Marathon, 2005 London transportation Attack were Lone Wolf attacts
Individual susceptible to radicalization are increasingly transnational, leaving the tracking of ppl and funds challenging
87
Helping With Enquiries published by the Audit Commission had 3 themes
1. Existing police roles/levels of accountability
2. Ppl fail to use resources
3. Tack criminals not crime
88
The ____ ____ _____ Network was used as a primary formal method of passing criminal intelligence between agencies.
RISS
| Regional Information Sharing System
89
The final driver for intelligence Led policing has been moved towards_____ ____ ______
Homeland Security Era
90
Greater access to data brought sweeping accountability driven performance culture was termed _____ _____ ____
New Public Management
91
Over 40 yrs ago, They argued that every Law Enforcement agency and State police should establish a capacity to gather and disseminate information on offenders.
National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals
92
4 way paperwork became a burden
!. demand for greater accountability
2. Knowledge is power culture
3. Obsession w/reporting-audits
4. Redundency
93
Universal/Main Factors
```
Data/Performance culture
Managing Risk
Demand Gap
Limit of Standard Model
Org and Transnat Crime
Technological Development
```
94
Madison, WI used this type of policing to tackle drunk driving and repeat sex offenders
POP
| Problem Orient Policing
95
Confidential informants appear to be viewed as a ____ approach to crime control.
a. Cost-effective
b. Ineffective
c. Invalid
d. Not cost-effective
Cost-effective
96
What type of policing has been instrumental in educating a generation of police leaders in the importance of analysis as a foundation for decision making?
a. Prob-oriented policing
b. Intelligence-Led policing
c. COMPSTAT oriented policing
Prob-oriented policing
97
Which approach to crime control works to establish priorities for criminal intelligence gathering and subsequent analysis based on notions of social harm as perceived by the community?
a. Prob-oriented policing a
b. Intelligence-Led policing
c. Community policing
d. Strategic social harm
Strategic social harm
98
What is the first direct consequence of the “demand gap”?
a.Time for preventative patrol is eroded by public demands for service
b. Recorded crime cannot be relied upon as a valid statistic
c. Public demand for service skyrockets
Time for preventative patrol is eroded by public demands for service
99
Why do we need Intelligence-Led Policing? The answer lies in the
a. Nature of police organizations
b. Nature of crime
c. Nature of the community
Nature of crime
100
The crime funnel shows that the criminal justice system
a. Is well placed to respond to the crime problem
b. Is not well placed to respond to the crime problem
c. Has no cause – effect relationship with the crime problem
Is not well placed to respond to the crime problem
101
For every 1,000 crimes, what percent are detected?
a. Less than 1 percent
b. Less than 8 percent
c. More than 10 percent but less then 20 percent
Less than 8 percent
102
One feature that is not possible to include in the crime funnel is the impact of
a. The serial offender
b. Organized crime
c. Juvenile crime
d. Terrorism
Organized crime
103
Community policing
a. Is easily defined
b. Is difficult to define
c. Defies definition
Defies definition
104
In the generalized characteristics of the five policing models below, which one has an unclear target?
a. Standard model
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing
Community policing
105
In the generalized characterizes of the five policing models below, which one has an expected benefit of increased efficiency?
a. Standard model of policing
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing
Standard model of policing pg54
106
In the generalized characteristics of the five policing models below, which one is easily adopted at the technical level, but is managerially challenging?
a. Standard model of policing
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing
Intelligence-Led policing
107
In the generalized characteristics of the five policing models below, which one has an orientation of crime groups, prolific and serious offenders?
a. Standard model of policing
b. Community policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Compstat
e. Intelligence-Led policing
Intelligence-Led policing
108
Results of the Operation and Crime Review (OCR) form of Compstat provided substantial evidence that much of the reduction in burglary was the result of
a. Target hardening
b. Educating the public in efficient reporting
c. Targeting recidivist offenders
d. Recovering stolen property
Targeting recidivist offenders
109
Intelligence-Led policing strives first and foremost to
a. Identify criminals
b. Reduce crime
c. Reduce recidivism
Reduce crime
110
Many texts on criminal intelligence define intelligence as the product of
a. Data on crime and criminals
b. Information and analysis
c. Information and application
Information and analysis
111
While conceptualizing intelligence is a challenge for policing, the one thread running through most definitions is that intelligence is
a. Dada on crime and criminals
b. Predictive of future criminal behavior
c. More than mere information
More than mere information
112
In 2003 Herman Goldstein identified a pressing need for better-trained _____ to implement problem-oriented policing and develop Intelligence-Led policing
a. Supervisors
b. Mid-managers
c. Upper-managers
d. Crime analysts
54. In 2003 Herman Goldstein identified a pressing need for better-trained _____ to implement problem-oriented policing and develop Intelligence-Led policing
a. Supervisors
b. Mid-managers
c. Upper-managers
d. Crime analysts
113
Increasing the number of _____ variables recorded by police increased the chance of matching a crime to an offender, as long as the offender is previously known.
a. Modus operandi
b. Geo-cord
c. Victimization
d. Simple analysis
Modus operandi
114
Police departments that do share information are ____ practicing Intelligence-Led policing
a. Not
b. Not necessarily
c. Almost always
d. Always
Not necessarily
115
Separating crime and intelligence analysts within law enforcement agencies is a
a. Must
b. No-win situation
c. Win-win situation
d. Cause of improved information sharing
No-win situation
116
Intelligence-Led policing is ______ covert policing
a. A close partner of
b. Not synonymous with
c. Synonymous with
d. Nearly identical to
Synonymous with
117
Disruption is a ____ measure to stall crime
a. Temporary
b. Permanent
c. Covert
d. Overt
Temporary
118
How long does an officer have to stop at a crime hot spot for there to be any lasting dampening effect on criminality?
a. Minimum of 5 minutes
b. Minimum of 10 minutes
c. Minimum of 30 minutes
d. Minimum of 1 hour
Minimum of 10 minutes
119
In a Kansas City study using overtime for two, two-officer patrol cars to concentrate on a high-gun-crime beat for 29 weeks, for every gun seized how many gun crimes were prevented?
a. None
b. One
c. More than two
d. More than 20
More than two
120
Studies suggest that while generally increasing numbers of police can help prevent crime, it is more useful to consider
a. Many other factors
b. How officers are trained
c. How officers are deployed
d. If mid-managers are held accountable
How officers are deployed
121
Community with high economic status social cohesion the percentage of a crime being reported
46%
122
The shift from reactive policing to risk policing has been driven by 2 factors
Radical Extremism and greater police oversight.
123
Time spent on Crime prevention
1%
124
________ refers to the nature and magnitude of a threat and the likelihood of it occurring.
Risk
125
Within the intelligence community ______refers to the likelihood of aa adverse outcome that can cause harm and measuring the the threat simply relates to the chance that an adverse criminal activity will take place.
Threat
126
The _______ that events cause may range from insignificant to catastrophic.
It is the negative consequence.
Harm
127
NIMs 4 product decision makering
Strategic assessment- long term
Tactical assessment - short term
Subject profile - detailed report
Problem profile - emerging crime incident series
128
ILP
| What is the name of the Fbi's counterintelligence program?
COINTELPRO
