Image Acquisition Flashcards by Ivan Barragan

In digital imaging, brightness is controlled by:

IR Exposure
Monitor Functions
Postprocessing functions

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1,2, and 3

C: 2 and 3 only

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In electronic imaging, as digital image matrix size increase:

Pixel size decreases
Resolution decreases
Pixel depth decreases

A: 1 only
B: 2 only
C: 1 and 2 only
D: 2 and 3 only

A: 1 only (pixel size decreases)

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An algorithm; as used in xray imaging, is an:

A: Geometric formula
B: Specific exposure factors
C: Series of variable instructions
D: Predetermined exposure factors

C: Series of variable instructions

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If you can see lines on the xray , that run same direction as the processor.. It’s called:

A: Part motion
B: Aliasing Artifact
C: Double Exposure
D: Grid cutoff

B: Aliasing Artifact

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The intensity of ionizing radiation decreases as:

A: SID decreases
B: SID increases
C: frequency increases
D: wavelength decreases

B: SID increases

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Grid interspace material can be made of:

Carbon fiber
Aluminum
Plastic Fiber

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1,2 and 3

C: 2 and 3 only

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The reduction in xray photon intensity as the photon passes through material is termed:

A: Absorption
B: Scattering
C: Attenuation
D: Divergence

C: Attenuation

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An increase in KVP will have which of the following effects in digital imaging:

More scattered radiation will be produced
The exposure rate will increase
Radiographic contrast will increase

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3

B: 1 and 2 only

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If a lateral xray of the chest is being done on an asthenic patient and outer photocells are selected, what is likely to be the outcome:

A: Decreased IR exposure
B: Increased IR exposure
C: Scattered radiation fog
D: Motion Blur

A: Decreased IR exposure

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Which of the following exposure factors will produce the greatest receptor exposure?

A: 100 mA, 50 ms
B: 200 mA, 40 ms
C: 400 mA, 70 ms
D: 600 mA, 30 ms

C: 400 mA, 70 ms

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The component of a CR image plate (IP) that records the radiologic image is the:

A: emulsion
B: helium-neon laser
C: photostimulable phosphor
D: scanner-reader

C: Photostimulable phosphor

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The radiation dose received by the digital detector for each image is indicated by the:

A: mA meter
B: Exposure indicator
C: KVP selector
D: Histogram

B: Exposure indicator

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HVL is affected by the amount of:

KVP
Beam filtration
Tissue density

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3

B: 1 and 2 only

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The luminescent light emitted by the PSP is transformed into the image seen on the CRT by the:

A: PSP
B: Scanner reader
C: ADC (analog to digital converter)
D: Helium-neon laser

C: ADC (analog to digital converter)

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Misalignment of the tube-part IR relationship results in..

A: Shape Distortion
B: Size Distortion
C: Magnification
D: Blur

A: Shape distortion

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Which of the following inits is used to express resolution?

1) Line-spread function
2) Line pairs per millimeter
3) Line-Focus principle

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3

B: 1 and 2 only

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The term windowing describes practice of:

A: Varying the automatic brightness control
B: Changing the image brightness or contrast scale
C: Varying the FOV
D: Increasing resolution

B: Changing the image brightness or contrast scale

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Foreshortening can be caused by:

A: The radiographic object being places at an angle to the IR
B: Excessive distance of OID
C: Insufficient distance of SID
D: Excessive distance of SID

A: The object being placed at an angle

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Acceptable methods of minimizing Motion unsharpness is:

1) suspended respiration
2) short exposure time
3) patient instruction

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 1 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3

D: 1, 2, and 3

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Using fixed mAs and variable KVP tech factors, each centimeter increase in pt thickness requires what adjustment in KVP?

A: Increase 2 KVP
B: Decrease 2 KVP
C: Increase 4 KVP
D: Decrease 4 KVP

A: Increase 2 KVP

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Unopened boxes of radiographic film should be stored away from radiation and…..?

A: in the horizontal position
B: in the vertical position
C: stacked with the oldest on top
D: stacked with the newest on top

B: in the vertical position

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Potential digital image post processing tasks include:

1) PACS
2) Annotation
3) inversion/reversal

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3

C: 2 and 3 only

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Factors that contribute to film fog include:

1) the age of the film
2) excessive exposure to safelight
3) processor chemistry

A: 1 only
B: 1 and 2 only
C: 1 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3

D: 1, 2, and 3

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X-ray photon energy is inversely related to:

1: photon wavelength
2. Applied mA
3. Applied KVP

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 only

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Characteristics of DR imaging include: 1. Solid state detector receptor plates 2. A direct capture imaging system 3. Immediate image display A) 1 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Compared with a low ratio grid, a high ratio grid will: 1. Allow more centering latitude 2. Absorb more scattered radiation 3. Absorb more primary radiation A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

A decrease in KVP will result in: 1. A decrease in image resolution 2. A decrease in photon energy 3. A decrease in receptor exposure A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

To be used as an image intensifier screen, phosphor should have which of the following: 1. High conversion efficiency 2. High X-ray absorption 3. High atomic number A) 1 only B) 3 only C) 1 and 2 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Resolution in CR increases as: 1. Laser beam size decreases 2. Monitor matrix size decreases 3. PSP crystal size decreases A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 1 and 3 only

Which of the following contribute to the performance of a grid: 1. Grid ratio 2. Number of lead strips per inch 3. Amount of scatter transmitted thru the grid A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 1 and 2 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

All of the following affect the exposure rate of the primary beam except: A) mA B) KVP C) distance D) field size

D) field size

Which of the following terms is used to describe unsharp edges of tiny radiographic details: A) diffusion B) mottle C) blur D) umbra

C) blur

Pixel is associated with all of the following except: A) two dimensional B) picture element C) measured in xy direction D) how much of the part is included in the matrix

D) how much of the part in included in the matrix

Using a short (25 - 30 in) SID with a large (14x17) IR is likely to: A) increase the scale of contrast B) increase the anode heel effect C) cause malfunction of the AEC D) cause premature termination of the exposure

B) increase the anode heel effect

Chemical fog on a radiographic film may be attributed to: 1. Excessive developer temperature 2. Oxidized developer 3. Excessive replenishment A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Because of the anode heel effect, the intensity of the X-ray bean is greatest along the: A) path of the central ray B) anode end of the beam C) cathode end of the beam D) transverse axis of the IR

C) cathode end of the beam

The differences between CR and DR include: 1. CR uses IPs 2. CR has higher DQE, and lower dose 3. CR images are displayed immediately A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 only

Vogel is associated with all of the following except: A) bit depth B) volume element C) measured in Z direction D) field of view

D) Field of view

If a radiograph is produced using 12 mAs with a 16:1 ratio grid.. What would the new mAs be if you use a 8:1 ratio grid: A) 3 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10

C) 8 mAs

The main difference between the direct and Indirect capture in DR is that: A) direct capture has no scintillator B) direct capture uses a photostimulable phosphor C) in direct capture, light is detected by CCDs D) in direct capture, light is detected by TFTs

A) direct capture has no scintillator

Analog to digital conversion is required in which imaging system: A) CR B) DR C) SF D) Direct conversion

A) CR

The photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates used in CR are constructed in layers that include: 1. Light shield layer 2. Support layer 3. Electroconductive layer A) 1 only 2) 1 and 2 only 3) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following are methods of limiting the production of scattered radiation: 1. Using moderate ratio grids 2. Using the prone position for abdominal exams 3. Restricting the field size to the smallest practical size A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

The absorption of useful radiation by a grid is called: A) grid selectivity B) grid cleanup C) grid cutoff D) latitude

C) grid cutoff

Types of shape distortion include: A) magnification B) elongation C) foreshortening A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

For the same field of view, as the matrix size increases: 1. Resolution increases 2. Quality increases 3. Pixel size decreases A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2, and 3

In digital imaging, as the size of the matrix increases: 1. Field of view increases 2. Pixel size decreases 3. Resolution increases A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1,2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

All are related to resolution except: A) mA B) focal spot size C) SID D) OID

A) mA

All of the following statements regarding digital imaging are true except: A) window level adjustments are associated with image brightness B) brightness is related to IR exposure C) image visibility is a function of IR exposure D) brightness and density are not changeable

B) brightness is related to IR exposure

In digital imaging, KVP selection has an effect on: 1. Photon energy 2. Penetration 3. Image contrast A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

Which of following influences the production of scattered radiation? 1. KVP level 2. Tissue density 3. Size of field A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following are tested as part of a quality assurance program: A) beam alignment B) reproducibility C) linearity A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Focal spot blur is greatest: A) along the central ray B) toward the cathode end of the beam C) toward the anode end of the beam D) as the SID is increased

B) toward the cathode end of the X-ray beam

How are mAs and patient dose related? A) mAs and patient dose are inversely proportional B) mAs and patient dose are directly proportional C) mAs and patient dose are unrelated D) mAs and patient dose are inversely related

B) mAs and patient dose are directly proportional

IP cassette front material can be made of which of the following: 1. Carbon fiber 2. Magnesium 3. Lead A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure factors: A) congestive heart failure B) pneumonia C) emphysema D) pleural effusion

C) emphysema

Practices that enable the tech to reduce the exposure time for an X-ray include: 1. Use of a higher mA 2. Use of a higher KVP 3. Use of a higher ratio grid A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following materials may be used as grid interspace material: 1. Lead 2. Plastic 3. Aluminum A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

Exposure type artifacts include: 1. Double exposure 2. Motion 3. Image fading A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

An increase in KVP applies to the X-ray tube increase the: 1. X-ray wavelength 2. Exposure rate 3. Patient absorption A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 2 only

What is true about a histogram? 1. Illustrates pixel value distribution 2. There's a default histogram for each body part 3. Is a representative of a grayscale A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

What is the correct order of film processing: A) developer, wash, fixer, dry B) fixer, wash, developer, dry C) developer, fixer, wash, dry D) fixer, developer, wash dry

C) developer, fixer, wash, dry

If unable to achieve a short OID due to patient condition, which of the following adjustments can be made to minimize magnification distortions? A) a smaller focal spot B) a longer SID should be used C) a shorter SID should be used D) a lower ratio grid should be used

B) a longer SID should be used

Exposure rate will decrease with an increase in: 1. SID 2. KVP 3. Focal Spot size A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 only

Which of the following pathologic conditions probably will require a decrease in exposure factors: A) Osteomyelitis B) Osteoporosis C) Osteosclerosis D) Osteochondritis

B) Osteoporosis

Diagnostic xray's are associated with: A) High frequency and long wavelength B) High frequency and short wavelength C) low frequency and long wavelength D) low frequency and short wavelength

B) High frequency and short wavelength

Decreasing field size from 14x17 to 8x10 with no other changes will: A) decrease the amt of scattered radiation B) increase the amt of scattered radiation C) increase X-ray penetration D) decrease x-ray penetration

A) decrease the amt of scattered radiation

Which device is used to overcome severe variation in anatomy or tissue density, providing more receptor exposure? A) compensating filter B) grid C) collimator D) added filtration

A) compensating filter

What are the effects of scattered radiation on an image: 1. Produces fog 2. Increases contrast 3. Increases grid cut off A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 1 and 2 only D) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 only

Good detail can be improved by decreasing: 1. The SID 2. The OID 3. patient motion A) 1 only B) 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and 3 only

The function of the developer in film processing is to: 1. Remove unexposed silver bromide crystals 2. Change the silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver 3. Harden the emulsion A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 2 and 3 only

B) 2 only

In digital imaging, mAs selection has an effect on: 1. Receptor exposure 2. Patient dose 3. Density A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

Which affects both the quantity and quality of the primary beam? 1. HVL 2. KVP 3. mAs A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 1 and 2 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 1 and 2 only

Which would be useful for an exam of a patient suffering from Parkinson's disease? 1. Short exposure time 2. Decreased SID 3. Compensating filtration A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 only

Under exposure of screen film can be caused by all except insufficient A) mA B) exposure time C) KVP D) SID

D) SID

The differences between CR and DR include: 1. DR images are displayed immediately 2. DR has higher DQE and lower pt dose 3. DR use IP A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

Process of windowing of digital images determines the image: A) spatial resolution B) contrast C) pixel size D) matrix size

B) contrast

What is the purpose of thin layer of lead located in rear portion of an IP? A) to prevent crossover B) to increase speed C) diffuse light photons D) prevent scattered radiation fog

D) prevent scattered radiation fog

Purpose of the electroconductive layer of a CR PSP plate is to: A) provide support to the PSP layer B) provide mechanical strength C) facilitate transportation through the scanner/reader D) provide better resolution

C) Facilitate transportation through the scanner/reader

Which combination is most likely to be associated with quantum mottle? A) decreased mAs, decreased SID B) increased mAs, decreased KVP C) decreased mAs, increased KVP D) increases mAs, increased SID

C) decreased mAs, increased KVP

As window level increases: A: contrast scale increase B) contrast scale decreases C) brightness increases D) brightness decreases

C) brightness increases

Examples of healthcare informatics include: 1. HIS 2. RIS 3. PACS A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Following statements are true regarding CR IPs are true except: A) IPs do not contain film B) IPs use no intensifying screens C) IPs must exclude all white light D) IPs function to protect the PSP

C) must exclude all white light

Radiographic accessory to measure the thickness of the body parts is the: A) fulcrum B) caliper C) densitometer D) ruler

B) caliper

Xray image seen on the computer display screen is: A) analog image B) digital image C) phosphor image D) emulsion image

A) analog image

Anode heel effect can be important consideration on: 1. Lateral thoracic 2. AP femur 3. RAO sternum A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

All have an impact on contrast except: A) photon energy B) grid ratio C) OID D) focal spot size

D) focal spot size

An increase in KVP will serve to: A) increase image brightness B) decrease image brightness C) increase photon energy D) decrease tissue penetration

C) increase photon energy

Spatial resolution is inversely related to: 1. SID 2. OID 3. Part motion A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

C) 2 and only

Which will produce shortest scale of contrast: A) 500 mA, 70 KVP B) 100 mA, 80 KVP C) 200 mA, 92 KVP D) 700 mA, 80 KVP

A) 500 mA, 70 KVP

Relationship between the height of a grids lead strips and distance between them is the: A) ratio B) radius C) frequency D) focusing distance

A) ratio

Which feature is used to display RIS info on current patients: A) HIS B) Modality work list C) PACS D) DICOM

B) Modality work list

Typically patient demo and exam information include: 1. Type of exam 2. Accession number 3. Date and time of exam A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is the grid not necessary? A) hip B) knee C) abdomen D) lumbar spine

B) knee

Why is very short exposure time needed in chest X-ray? A) to avoid excessive focal spot blur B) to maintain short scale contrast C) to minimum involuntary motion D) to minimize patient discomfort

C) to minimize involuntary motion.

A Quality Assurance program serves to: 1. Keep patient dose to a min 2. Keep radiographic quality consistent 3. Ensure equipment efficiency A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

HVL is affected by the amount of: 1. KVP 2. Beam filtration 3. Tissue density A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

B) 1 and 2 only

Boxes of film stored in too warm an area may subject to: A) static marks B) film fog C) high contrast D) loss of density

B) film fog

Which interaction is responsible for producing the most X-ray photons at the tube target? A) bremsstrahlung B) characteristic C) photoelectric D) Compton

A) bremsstrahlung

What determines the production of scattered radiation? 1. Field size 2. Beam restriction 3. KVP A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

X-ray film emulsion is most sensitive to safelight fog: A) before exposure and development B) after exposure C) during development D) at low humidity

B) after exposure

Which has the greatest effect on radiographic exposure? A) Aliminum filtration B) KVP C) SID D) Scattered radiation

C) SID

Shape distortion is caused between the: 1. X-ray tube and body part 2. Body part and IR 3. IR and X-ray tube A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following may be used to reduce the effect of scattered radiation on the image? 1. Grids 2. Collimator a 3. Compression bands A) 1 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Which is directly related to photon energy? 1. KVP 2. mA 3. Wavelength A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

A) KVP

To help reduce scattered radiation use: 1. Compression 2. Beam restriction 3. A grid A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 and 2 only

Image Acquisition Flashcards

(106 cards)