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Question 1

Answer 1

• Polyp
• Benign: Adenoma
• Cancer: Adenocarcinoma

Question 2

Answer 2

• Peptic Ulcer
• Caused by chronic infectious gastritis
• Can result in perforation and hemorrhage

Question 3

Answer 3

• Barret esophagus
• Caused by smoking, alcohol, GERD
• Gladular metaplasia
• Cancer: Adenocarcinoma

Question 4

Answer 4

• Pseudomembanous colitis
• C. diff

Question 5

Answer 5

• Jaundice
• Hyperbilirubinemia
• Caused by liver failure

Question 6

Answer 6

• Cirrosis of the liver
• Chronic alcoholism
• Hepatitis B or C
• Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 7

Answer 7

• Cannonball metastisis of the liver
• Metastatic liver cancer is the most common type of liver cancer

Question 8

Answer 8

• Astrocytes
• Glial cells that support neurons
• Can form tumors called glioblastomas
• Astroglosis: Proliferation of astrocytes in response to injury

Question 9

Answer 9

• Cholilithiasis
• Cholesterol stones: cholesterol salt crystals
• Pigmented stones: bilirubin

Question 10

Answer 10

• Insulinoma
• Most common type of tumor of the endocrine pancreas
• Causes hypoglycemia due to overproduction of insulin

Question 11

Answer 11

• Polycystic kidney disease
• Autosomal dominant congenital disease

Question 12

Answer 12

• Berry Aneurism
• Circle of Willis
• Congenital defect

Question 13

Answer 13

• Plaquees of demyelination
• Multiple sclerosis
• Autoimmune
• Attacks myelin

Question 14

Answer 14

• Papillary necrosis of the kidney
• Ascending UTI (pyelonephritis)
• Seen in the elderly and diabetics

Question 15

Answer 15

• Hydronephrosis
• Caused by obstruction of the outflow of urine

Question 16

Answer 16

• Renal cell carcinoma
• Most common cancer of the kidney
• Causes painless hematuria

Question 17

Answer 17

• Testical germ cell tumor
• Most common: Seminoma

Question 18

Answer 18

• Nodular prostatic hyperplasia
• Urgency
• Frequency
• Nocturia

Question 19

Answer 19

• Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix

Question 20

Answer 20

• Chocolate cyst
• Endometrial tissue in the ovary due to endometriosis

Question 21

Answer 21

• Leiomyoma
• Uterine fibroid
• Benign
• Most common tumor of the uterus

Question 22

Answer 22

• Hydatidiform Mole
• Chorionic villi
• Fertilization of an empty ovum
• False pregnancy HCG +
• Can become malignant (choriocarcinoma)

Question 23

Answer 23

• Fibroadenoma: Unilateral
• Bilateral: Fibrocystic change
• Most common cancer of the breast: Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 24

Answer 24

• Multinodular goiter
• Iodine deficiency
• Creatinism: Baby born to hypothyroid mother

Question 25

Answer 25

* Graves Disease * Hyperthyroidism * Autoimmune response of TSH receptor

Question 26

Answer 26

* Cushing Syndrome: Exposure to corticosteroids * Cushing Disease: Increased adrenal cortical function (ACTH) * Pituitary tumors can overproduce ACTH

Question 27

Answer 27

* Neuroblastoma * Adrenal gland tumor * Overproduces adrenaline * Most significant tumor of childhood

Question 28

Answer 28

* Endometrial Adenocarcinoma * Most common uterine cancer * Risk factor is endometrial hyperplasia due to unapposed estrogen

Question 29

Answer 29

* Neurofibrillary Tangles * Flame shaped * Diagnostic of Alzheimer disease

Question 30

Answer 30

* Squamous Cell Carcinoma * Most common cancer of the cervix

Question 31

Answer 31

* Cortical Adenoma * Tumor of the adrenal cortex that over produces cortisol * Causes Cushing disease

Question 32

Answer 32

* Serocystic Adenocarcinoma * Most common cancer of the ovary * Not a germ cell tumor

Question 33

Answer 33

* Cirrosis of the liver * Chronic end stage liver disease * Nodules of regenerating hepatocytes surrounded by collagenous tissue