Kidney, Bladder, & Male GU Flashcards
(36 cards)
The mother of a 3-month old child palpated a mass on the left side of the child’s abdomen. What is the most likely diagnosis for this mass? What would the diagnosis be if this mass were a neoplasm?
Polycystic kidney, hydronephrosis, Wilms tumor (if a kidney neoplasm), or neuroblastoma (if an adrenal neoplasm)
A 40-year old man has end-stage kidney failure and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Compensatory hypertrophy of the kidneys
A 4-year old child developed puffiness around the eyes and became chronically sleepily 2 weeks after an episode of “strep-throat”. The mother noted that the child’s urine was dark brown and was being excreted in small amounts. What is the probably diagnosis?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
A 40-year old man noticed generalized swelling, most prominently in his face and lower extremities. His physician discovered proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. What is the most likely cause of edema in this case?
Nephrotic Syndrome
A 46-year old man noticed brown-red urine and, over a period of 6 days, stopped urinating all together. What is the probable diagnosis?
Nephritic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome:
- Massive proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Edema
- Hyperlipidemia
Nephritic Syndrome:
- Hematuria
- Oliguria
- Proteinuria
- Hypertension
A 50-year old man who underwent a routine medical check-up was found to have blood in his urine. X-ray studies revealed a renal mass on the left side. What is the probable cause of this hematuria?
Renal cell carcinoma
A 20-year old woman complained of pain during urination. She also noticed blood in her urine. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Urinary tract infection (cystitis)
Inflammation of the urinary bladder. The risk in females is increased because of a short urethra (especially during pregnancy). Bladder outlet obstruction associated with prostatic hyperplasia predisposes men:
Cystitis (UTI)
Bladder dilatation, muscular hypertrophy, and trabeculation of the mucosal surface of the bladder results from:
Bladder outlet obstruction
The failure of a testis to descend within the scrotum. Long-term complications if untreated include infertility and testicular cancer:
Cryptorchidism
Acute or chronic inflammation of the testis, often secondary to urinary tract infection. Syphilis and mumps can both produce this disease:
Orchitis
Neoplastic transformation of a male germ cell. Account for half of all germ cell tumors in males:
Seminoma
Germ cell tumor characterized by tissues from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Teratoma
The most common germ cell tumors of infants:
Yolk sac tumors
A highly malignant testicular tumor that represents extraembryonic differentiation to components of the placenta:
Choriocarcinoma
Usually follows a lower urinary tract infection with reflux of infected urine into the prostate:
Prostatitis (infection of the prostate)
A common disorder characterized clinically by enlargement of the gland with obstruction to the flow of urine through the bladder outlet. Characterized pathologically by the proliferation of both glands and stroma:
Nodular hyperplasia of the prostate
Clinical symptoms of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate:
Decreased urinary stream, and increasing urinary frequency. Rectal examination reveals a firm, enlarged and nodular prostate.
A disease of elderly men. Most cases are incidental findings at autopsy or are discovered in surgical specimens of nodular hyperplasia:
Prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma)
The most common histologic type of bladder cancer:
Transitional cell carcinoma
Painless hematuria in men or women can be a symptoms of:
Bladder cancer
A 3-month old boy had a testis that was not palpable. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cryptorchidism
